C) Por corrosión de armaduras
1.4. LA CONSTRUCCIÓN CON TIERRA
The research design applied to this study is summarized in Chapter 3. The study sample in this research comprises women between 60 and 83 years of age. The generalizability of this research is limited by the relatively small sample size (N = 22). Representativeness may be limited by the health and functional status portrayed by this sample of older women. The health status of the participants suggests that this sample is more representative of what is commonly referred to as the ‘well elderly’, characterized by good mental and physical health and functional independence. As well, this sample of older women appear to have strong social ties and networks, associated to some extent with their use of the parks and their affiliation with walking groups.
Diverse perspectives on urban park use would provide further insight into this research area.
The experience of the ‘frail’ elderly, including those with impairments to health and mobility, and those for whom accessibility is limited for other reasons, would provide a valuable perspective. Research that examines the enabling and constraining factors associated with park use among diverse groups of older women would provide a valuable contribution to this
research area. Future research should include older women who experience challenges that limit or constrain their ability to use and benefit from nature rich urban settings.
It would be of further value to expand this area of study to include the perspective of other populations. As with older women, research concerned with the value and meaning of nature rich urban settings to older men appears to be lacking. The influence of nature rich settings on the health and well-being of younger adults and children is a further area of valuable research, particularly in light of the increasing trend toward sedentary, ‘indoor’ lifestyles and the consequences of this to health and well-being.
The use of photographs provided a number of benefits to this research. The participants maintained control over the images they produced and how their photographs were
represented in the interviews. This inductive approach allowed the content and meaning of the images and the focus of the interview to be determined by the participants. The
participants arrived at the interview having had an opportunity to reflect on the meaning and importance of their park experiences while producing, reviewing and selecting the
photographs, and developing written summaries. Many women stated that this process allowed for a clarity and understanding of the meaning of their park experiences to emerge prior to the interview. During the interview, the photographs and written descriptions served as a memory aid by providing a visual reminder and a guide. The interviews followed a process in which each photograph was reviewed using the interview guide. The participants were asked to describe each photograph and were then prompted to discuss the meaning of the photograph and what the photo reflects about the park and their experiences there.
The interviews conducted in conjunction with the photographs provided a rich portrayal of a wide range of meanings and experiences. Reviewing the images provided the opportunity to explore further the themes and subjects that were represented by the photographs. In future research, a second interview or focus group with the participants would provide the
opportunity to further explore and expand on the themes and subjects that emerged in the initial interviews and check for the accuracy of the findings. For participants who felt somewhat apprehensive about being involved in a research project, using this photographic approach seemed to enable a relaxed and comfortable interview process and environment. A narrative guided by the images and written captions emerged that represented the park experiences of each participant. This method was not only an effective data collection method for this research, but was also described by most participants as being enjoyable, enlightening and personally meaningful.
While the participants in this research expressed considerable enthusiasm about their involvement, the method was a deterrent to participation by some. Several potential
participants declined involvement because of the considerable investment of time and effort that was required. Others felt unable to effectively portray their experience through this photographic method. This was related to both a concern about using a camera competently, and also representing their experiences in this visual format. It is important to recognize that this type of research may be appealing to a select group of potential participants.
As discussed in Chapter 3, a cross-national research method was applied to this research. The purpose of this cross-national approach involves extending the findings of this research to two diverse study sites. The urban parks in this research reflect the culture that guided their development and continues to influence the park environment and its use. This diversity provides a greater breadth of understanding to the findings of this study.
5.4 Chapter summary
This chapter has described the implications of this dissertation for policy, theory and research.
The findings of this research provide support for the development of policy aimed at
promoting the use of nature rich urban parks. Currently, there are few examples of policy that explicitly support this direction; however, several programmes aimed at utilizing nature rich settings as an approach for supporting health and well-being have recently been implemented.
These programmes, originating primarily and Britain and Australia, provide an example of models that may be of value in New Zealand and Canada.
The green ageing framework proposed in this chapter is intended to contribute to a conceptual understanding of the influence of nature rich settings on opportunities for optimizing health in later life. As little previous research has been conducted on the relationship between nature rich settings and healthy ageing, this framework provides a starting point from which further discussion and research can occur. This chapter also highlights opportunities for expanding on this research by exploring the relationships among diverse nature rich settings and populations, and by applying various methods and research approaches.
While it comes as no surprise that urban parks are places that are valued and meaningful to the older women who use them, it is clear from this research that the value of these settings as places that engender wide ranging and diverse benefits has not been fully understood. More
importantly, this research has contributed to our knowledge of the importance of contact with nature in later life, and has given support to further examining the influence of nature rich settings as resources for enhancing healthy ageing and creating age-friendly cities.
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