Ivan P. Danilov1, Ekaterina A. Ilyina2, Tatiana I. Ladykova3, Nataliia V. Morozova4, Alena I.
Trukova5
1 Department of Regional Economy and Entrepreneurship, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
2 Department of Communication Technologies and Management, I.Y. Yakovlev Chuvash State Pedagogical University, Cheboksary, Russia
3 Department of Regional Economy and Entrepreneurship, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
4 Department of Regional Economy and Entrepreneurship, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia
5 Department of Foreign Languages, I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary, Russia *corresponding author
Abstract
The relevance of the research is caused by the need of analyzing the processes, having a primary impact on the sustainable and stable development of the regional system, and, consequently, on the economic security of the subject of the Federation. It is also necessary to give a qualitative and quantitative assessment of its level to work out measures for countering threats to economic security. In this regard, this article is aimed at giving reasons and working out measures to ensure regional economic security and development of competitive advantages of the region, using the example of the Chuvash Republic. The main approach to investigating this problem is the use of methodological concepts of institutional economics, of innovation theory, of system and comparative analysis, of structural and functional analysis, offering an opportunity to comprehensively consider the issues of economic security of the country and the region. The article presents an analysis of the main challenges and threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation, It investigates the problems of ensuring economic security of the economy’s real sector, as well as indicators of economic development of the region. The article can be useful in setting strategic objectives to ensure sustainable and stable development of economic sectors, in creating methodology and system’s tools, appropriate to modern conditions, to ensure economic security of the region.
Keywords: economic security, threats, sustainable development, region, real economy, industry, modernization.
Introduction
The concept of economic security has long been used in Russian literature, but it is still vague (Chekmarev, 2018). In conditions of uncertainty and constant changes, existing strategies for improving national and regional economic security need new approaches, that are adequate to modern challenges. Thus, identifying and neutralizing threats and crisis situations at the regional level can significantly reduce the risk of global threats to national security (Krutikov, 2017; Kvon et al., 2017).
Unresolved internal problems of the Russia’s economy have led to the fact, that having large areas and reserves of natural resources, key geopolitical position and still remaining scientific and technical potential, Russia has not been able to take its rightful place in the world civilization. The country is still
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Vol. 8, Issue 9, September2018
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highly dependent on international capital, which places it on the periphery of the world economy as a source of raw materials and cheap labour (Listopad, 2011).
The most important component of strategic planning is to counter challenges and threats to economic security, to prevent crisis situations in various spheres of the Russia’s economy and maintain people’s living standards. To solve these problems, the Russian Federation economic security strategy until 2030 was approved by the Presidential decree of 13 May 2017 № 208 (Presidential Decree, 2017). The system of economic security indicators is being formed to timely identify challenges and threats to economic security, to respond quickly to them and to make management decisions and recommendations (Vissarionov & Gumerov, 2017).
Methods and Materials
To solve the tasks, set in this work, the following methods were used: analysis of legal documents and special literature on the research topic, statistical data analysis, comparison and synthesis of analysis results, system analysis, graphic modeling, economic and mathematical methods.
The research was conducted in three stages:
at the first (preparatory) stage, the main challenges and threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation were analyzed;
at the second (main) stage, the economic security of the country economy's real sector was analyzed, the goals and objectives for sustainable development were defined;
at the third (final) stage, the measures to ensure regional economic security and to develop competitive advantages of the region, using the example of the Chuvash Republic, were worked out.
Results
3.1. The Main Challenges and Threats to the Economic Security of the Russian Federation
In the Russian Federation economic security strategy until 2030, economic security is defined as protection of the national economy from external and internal threats, which ensures the economic sovereignty of the country, unity of its economic space, conditions for implementation of strategic national priorities of the Russian Federation (Strategy, 2017).
Threats, goals and methods of ensuring economic security vary, depending on the level of socio- economic development of the country and can be transformed, following the change in its economic situation and strategic claims. For developed countries, the threats are primarily external: emergence of new leading countries, violating the established world hierarchy; adoption of international acts, restricting freedom of transnational associations and foreign capital; consolidation of efforts of developing countries to struggle against unfair distribution of the world income, including by forming regional alliances. For less developed countries, these circumstances offer further opportunities for development; their problems of economic security are in the area of their internal threats (Listopad, 2011). The Russian Federation economic security strategy until 2030 identifies the main challenges and threats to economic security, which can be divided into external and internal (figure 1).
When monitoring threats to economic security, it is necessary to identify critical "pain points" beyond which destructive processes take place. Therefore, from the set of indicators of the level of threats to economic security, it is necessary to identify those that reflect the critical "pain points". These indicators are used as threshold values of economic security. Initially, the list of economic security threshold values was based on the list of parameters reflected the 1996 State economic security strategy. The list included 50 indicators grouped as follows: indicators, reflecting the economy's capacity for sustainable
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development; indicators of the financial system's stability; indicators of the social sphere; indicators of foreign trade and foreign economic activity.
The set of economic security indicators by S.Yu. Glazyev (2015) is used worldwide. The key parameters of economic security in this set are related to the dynamics of production, the state of the budget and national debt.
According to A. Illarionov (1998), when describing the state of economic security (danger), it is necessary to compare the current results, taking into account of dynamics of conditions in the national and world economy. The most important factor in the socio-economic development of the country is GDP per capita, its growth or decline.
The Russian Federation economic security strategy until 2030 outlines 40 indicators, against which the state of economic security of the country should be monitored and assessed. The question of the values of indicators in the Strategy remains open. Meanwhile, not the indicators themselves, but their threshold or limit values are the criterion and at the same time one of the main tools for monitoring, analyzing and forecasting economic security (Vissarionov & Gumerov, 2017).
Figure 1. Threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation (Strategy, 2017)