DSM Advanced Surfaces provides solutions for the development and application of smart coatings. Our product, KhepriCoatTM,
reduces the amount of sunlight that is refl ected off solar panels. This is an important effi ciency gain – and a great example of how DSM is using its technology to help address climate change.
Planet in 2013
Within the Planet dimension of its Triple P approach, DSM delivers activities, solutions and innovations that improve the environmental footprint of its own business and that of its external stakeholders in the value chains in which the company operates (customers, suppliers and consumers). This approach includes the ECO+ program, in which DSM defines sustainability as a strategic business growth driver. This chapter also reports on DSM’s environmental footprint and performance. See also: Growth Driver: Sustainability on page 20 of this report.
ECO+
ECO+ is DSM’s program for the development of sustainable and innovative products and solutions with measurable ecological benefits. ECO+ solutions create greater value with less environmental impact. The ecological benefits can be created at any stage of the product’s life cycle, from the raw materials through to manufacturing, potential re-use, and end-of-life disposal. The ECO+ framework uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology to measure the environmental benefits of each product. For a full definition of ECO+, see page 221. It is DSM’s ambition that at least 80 percent of its innovation pipeline be comprised of ECO+ solutions by 2015, and that they generate approximately 50 percent of total net sales. At the end of 2013, the innovation pipeline contained 95 percent ECO+ solutions (97 percent after deconsolidation DSM Pharmaceutical Products (DPP)). ECO+ solutions as a percentage of running business increased to 45 percent in 2013 (46 percent after deconsolidation of DPP). In 2013 about 90 percent of ECO+ innovation launches were supported by comparative LCAs. The measurable benefits of ECO+ include lower requirements in natural resources, such as water or minerals (including metals), the reduction or valorization of waste, shelf life preservation, yield improvement, energy saving, bio-based solutions, weight reduction, raw material efficiency, and removal of hazardous substances in the life cycle. ECO+ products can provide solutions that benefit society at large by responding to major societal issues such as climate change, resource constraints and scarcity, water management and biodiversity. These qualities can make an important difference across a number of industries. For example, together with net manufacturer NET Systems and the Cape Eleuthera Institute, a marine research center, DSM has developed a shark-resistant netting material. This innovative netting is called Predator-X and it combines Dyneema® polyethylene fibers and stainless steel wire. Cages made with Predator-X can be used in the open ocean to produce farmed
seafood with a lower environmental footprint. The product allows fish farms to be located in areas with optimum currents and wave motion that help to dissipate waste more efficiently, much in the same way that free range animal farming does on land. The ecological impact of these farms can be further reduced with DSM’s innovative feed additives such as Ronozyme® phytase. This additive increases the availability of phosphorus in vegetable feed ingredients, with the result that less additional inorganic phosphorus is required in the feed. This means that less phosphorus is excreted into the environment.
These examples can be characterized as being more ‘eco- efficient’ because they help minimize customers' environmental impact. In the long term, DSM’s goal is to become fully ‘eco- effective’, by providing solutions that have a truly positive, rather than less negative, environmental impact. This is the principle behind the creation of a truly circular economy. As such it is essential that DSM continue to invest in the development of products that are made from renewable, bio-based raw materials, rather than fossil fuels.
DSM also develops safer alternatives to existing solutions. Many products that are on the market today contain ingredients that have specific benefits during usage but which may for instance cause problems at the end-of-life stage of a product, or make it more difficult to recycle. The use of safer alternatives to mainstream materials creates business opportunities for DSM that are not within the reach of companies that merely comply with minimum requirements. Some examples of this are BluCure™, the 100 percent cobalt-free curing technology for composite resins, and Arnitel® XG and Stanyl® ForTii™, which are halogen-free flame retardant plastics.
Some DSM ECO+ solutions also carry an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). An EPD is a standardized way of
communicating the environmental performance of a product or system. It is based on ISO standard 14025/TR and Life Cycle Assessment. Some examples of products with an EPD include Pack-Age™ (2012), Brewers Clarex™ (2010) and Panamore® (2009).
In addition to their environmental advantages, most ECO+ solutions also generate downstream cost benefits at various stages in the value chain. These may include qualities such as lower waste generation during the use phase, greater durability of an application, and a reduction in the energy consumption during the application or disposal phases.
In 2013 DSM launched new innovative ECO+ products. A selection of ECO+ innovative solutions is given in the next table.
Value chain benefits of innovative ECO+ solutions
Applications Higher eco-
efficiency1 Renewable content Safer alternative2 Environmental Product Declaration3 Downstream cost benefits Materials
Akulon® Air intake manifold
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Akulon® Ultraflow Oil sump
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Akulon® Fuel Lock Gas tank
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Small engine fuel tank
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Arnitel® VT Breathable membrane
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Arnitel® Eco Pan liners
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Arnitel® XG Electronic wire & cable
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EcoPaXX® Engine covers
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Crank shaft cover
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Snowboard bindings
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Film
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Window profiles
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Stanyl® Diablo Air ducts
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Stanyl® ForTii™ LED lamp
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Stanyl® ForTii™ DDR4, SDRAM modules
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Stanyl® ForTii™ Connector
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Stanyl® ForTii™ 3D-MID Micro-electronics
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Dyneema®Force MT Law enforcement ballistic vest
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Dyneema®DT Comfortable cut resistant gloves
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Dyneema® Air cargo pallet net
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Cellulosic bio-ethanol Biofuel
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Biosuccinium™ Building block for broad range of materials
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Decovery® Waterborne paint
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Somos® 3D printing
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Uralac® Low temp. curing powder coating
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NeoRez® Waterborne floor coating
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Hybrane® Gas hydrate inhibitor
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BluCure™ Technology Marine, Building & Construction
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Beyone™ 1 Building, Marine & Wind Energy
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KhepriCoat™ Solar panels
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Combined
Pack-Age™ Cheese ripening
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Akulon® XS Food packaging
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Health & Nutrition
Puriclor™ Antibiotics
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Multirome®LS Savory food
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Brewers Clarex™ Beer
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Brewers Compass™ Beer
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Panamore® Bread
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Delvo®Cid Food preservation
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Ronozyme® HiPhos Animal feed
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Alpaflor®Edelweiss Organic bioactive for personal care
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1 Better resource efficiency and/or circularity and/or reduced GHG emissions thanks to e.g. higher energy efficiency in the product life cycle; use of renewable raw materials 2 Product can replace existing products that may contain substances of concern.
Environmental impact of DSM's operations
DSM improved its energy efficiency by 13 percent compared to the reference year 2008, which is slightly below the improvement achieved in 2012 (14 percent). The benefits of energy saving initiatives at some sites were offset by non-recurring declines in energy efficiency at several larger sites.
Greenhouse-gas emissions were slightly higher than in 2008 and amounted to 4.3 million tons in CO2 equivalents. This represents an increase over 2012, when greenhouse-gas emissions reached 4.2 millions of tons in CO2 equivalents. The increase was caused by higher production volumes at several units and the addition of recently acquired units. The N2O abatement system at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China), which started up in September 2012, was operational throughout the year and resulted in lower greenhouse-gas emissions at the site, despite its increased production volume.
VOC emissions increased significantly from 3,500 tons in 2012 to 5,100 tons in 2013. This was mainly caused by increases at DSM Dyneema’s ICD facility in Laiwu (China) and process disturbances in the acrylonitrile plant in Sittard-Geleen (Netherlands). Landfilling of non-hazardous waste was significantly reduced from 29,900 tons in 2012 to 26,600 tons in 2013. Several units found alternative destinations for this material, such as composting, land farming or incineration.
Changes in the other environmental indicators were relatively limited and largely non-structural.
Key environmental indicators, total DSM
2013 20121
Energy use in petajoules (PJ) 43.0 40.6
Greenhouse-gas emissions in CO2 equivalents (x million tons) 4.3 4.2
Emission of volatile organic compounds (x 1000 tons) 5.1 3.5
Emission of NOx (x 1000 tons) 1.7 1.7
Emission of SO2 (x 1000 tons) 0.16 0.15
Chemical oxygen demand discharges to surface waters (x 1000 tons) 5.4 5.5
Water use (x million m3) 152 149
Landfilling non-hazardous waste (x 1000 tons) 26.6 29.9
1 In the 2012 column, differences compared to the numbers reported in the 2012 report are due to corrections that have been applied.
Environmental targets
In the framework of its corporate strategy, DSM has defined long-term Safety, Health and Environment (SHE) targets for the period 2010-2015, which include eco-efficiency targets. These targets are translated into plans and activities in a Corporate Multi-year Plan Responsible Care (CMP). The CMP provides necessary guidance to rolling three-year plans of each business group. The eco-efficiency targets for the period 2010-2015 are based on the principle that by 2015 all DSM sites in the world must meet minimum standards applied within the European Union or the USA, via the use of Best Available Techniques. All new plants and major plant modifications must meet this requirement right from the start, while existing plants have until 2015 to meet it. For an overview of the eco-efficiency targets and the progress made towards them in 2013 see the table on page 20.
Progress made in 2013 towards environmental reduction targets % Reduction realized compared to reference year1 Target 2013 2010-2015 2008-2020
Climate change Energy efficiency 13% 20%
Greenhouse gases (1%)2 25%
Emissions to air VOC 24% 40%
SO2 92% 70%
NOx 42% 30%
Discharges to water COD 13% 20%
Water availability and use Total water consumption (1%) 15%
Waste
Landfilling non-hazardous
waste 3% 15%
1 Numbers between brackets represent a negative number, i.e. a deterioration in performance.
2 On a like-for-like basis the total greenhouse-gas emissions of DSM decreased by 19% when comparing 2013 with 2008
All environmental targets (except the target for greenhouse-gas emissions) are relative targets. This means that increases or decreases in the table above result from calculations that account for changes in production volumes. Acquisitions and divestments in the target period are excluded in order to create like-for-like comparisons with the reference year.
The target for greenhouse-gas emissions is an absolute target for DSM’s direct CO2 and N2O emissions and other gases, as well as for indirect CO2 emissions. The base year for this target (and the energy target) is 2008. The divested units DSM Agro, DSM Melamine, DSM Elastomers, Citrique Belge and DSM Special Products were excluded from this base year, but the impact of all other acquisitions and divestments is reflected in the total GHG emissions reported by DSM.
The graphs in this chapter show absolute totals for the years 2009-2013. This can give rise to some apparent differences with the numbers for relative target performance, as the latter are corrected for changes in production volumes and do not include companies that were acquired or divested in the target period (like-for-like comparison).
In 2013 Kensey Nash, Ocean Nutrition Canada, Fortitech, the Enzymes and Cultures business acquired from Cargill and AGI Taiwan were included in the DSM total for the first time. For more information, see Reporting policy on page 110.
DSM intends to adapt its methods to determine progress on environmental targets to include the performance of units that have been acquired or divested during the target-period. It also
aims to reduce the difference between progress on relative targets and absolute DSM totals.
A distinction is made in the graphs between continuing and discontinued operations in view of the upcoming
deconsolidation of DSM Pharmaceutical Products.
In addition to the consolidated graphs shown in this section, DSM publishes detailed information on the environmental performance of all its production sites in the areas of emissions, consumption and SHE highlights on www.dsm.com.
Data reporting by the sites is regularly audited by DSM’s Corporate Operations Audit department. See also Reporting policy on page 110.
Emissions to air
Volatile Organic Compounds
Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) grew from 3,500 tons in 2012 to 5,100 tons in 2013. An increase in output at the recently acquired DSM Dyneema plant in Laiwu (China) accounted for 1,300 tons of the growth. A project to significantly reduce these emissions began in 2013. Another portion of the increase (500 tons) was attributable to process upsets at the DSM Fibre Intermediates acrylonitrile plant in Sittard-Geleen (Netherlands). A correction in the reported VOC data for DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals at Santa Perpetua (Spain), was applied for the period 2010-2013, causing relatively minor changes compared to numbers reported previously.
Reductions of around 100 tons each occurred at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Augusta (Georgia, USA), as a result of improvements in incinerator operation; at DSM Nutritional Products in Dalry (UK), due to changes in the production process; and at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China), with the start-up of an improved incinerator. The recently acquired plant at Tongxiang (DSM China) also reported a reduction but this was the result of an over-estimation in 2012.
VOC
tons/year
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Nitrogen oxide
Emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) remained almost constant at 1,700 tons. A structural reduction was achieved at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China) with the closure of an organic waste incinerator. Other changes were relatively small (<100 tons) and non-structural. The newly acquired unit in Piura (Peru), part of DSM Nutritional Products, added 20 tons.
NOx
tons/year
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 1,000 2,000 3,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Sulfur dioxide
Emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) remained relatively stable at around 150 tons.
Small decreases in emissions at DSM Engineering Plastics Tai- Young Nylon in Taiwan and DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals in
Toansa (India) were offset by increases from several newly acquired units that contributed to emissions in the year.
SO2
tons/year
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 500 1,000 1,500
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Discharges to water and landfill Chemical oxygen demand
The discharge of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which is an indicator of wastewater pollution by organic substances, decreased from 5,500 to 5,400 tons. Several non-structural decreases were offset by increases at other sites. No significant structural changes were realized.
COD
tons/year
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Non-hazardous waste
The discharge of non-hazardous waste to landfill sites decreased significantly, from 29,900 tons to 26,600 tons. A reduction of 7,700 tons was achieved at DSM Nutritional Products in Kingstree (South Carolina, USA) through the introduction of composting to replace the discharge of organic waste to landfill sites.
DSM Dyneema in Greenville (North Carolina, USA) achieved a reduction of 600 tons through increased recycling and the re- use of materials. Further reductions in landfilled waste were achieved at DSM Nutritional Products in Belvidere (New Jersey, USA), DSM Resins & Functional Materials in Frankfort (Indiana,
USA), DSM Nutritional Products in Freeport (Texas, USA) and DSM Resins & Functional Materials in Waalwijk (Netherlands), mainly by replacing landfilling by alternatives such as land farming or incineration.
Several newly acquired units reported for the first time in 2013, leading to significant increases in landfill levels. These included DSM Nutritional Products in Piura (Peru), DSM Nutritional Products in Schenectady (New York, USA), DSM Nutritional Products in Ontario (California, USA), DSM Resins & Functional Materials in Zhangbin (China) and DSM Food Specialties in La Ferté (France). Several other sites increased waste-to-landfill levels through higher production, especially DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals in Yushu (China).
At DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China) a significant correction was made to the number reported in previous years, as the facility had erroneously included construction waste in this category, which resulted in lower levels of landfill discharge being reported.
Landfilling non-hazardous waste
tons/year
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Energy and greenhouse gases Energy consumption
DSM’s total energy consumption increased from 40.6 petajoules (PJ) in 2012 to 43.0 PJ in 2013. The energy consumption at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China) increased by 0.5 PJ. Nevertheless, the energy-efficiency of this unit improved as the increase in energy consumption was proportionally less than the increase of the caprolactam output. A significant contribution (0.6 PJ) to the increase in energy consumption comes from the acrylonitrile plant of DSM Fibre Intermediates in Sittard-Geleen (Netherlands), where operational issues and maintenance shutdowns caused inefficiencies. The energy consumption of DSM Fibre Intermediates in Augusta (Georgia, USA) increased by 0.8 PJ, mainly because the energy consumption of the DSM Engineering Plastics polyamide unit on this site has been included in the results as of 2013. Higher production levels resulted in increases at DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals in
Ramos Arizpe (Mexico) of 0.3 PJ while non-structural process changes at the caprolactam plant of DSM Fibre Intermediates in Sittard-Geleen led to increases of 0.4 PJ. The inclusion of several new units caused a combined additional increase of 0.7 PJ. A significant decrease of 1.0 PJ resulted from the deconsolidation of DEXPlastomers, which was divested in early 2013. Relatively small changes, of around 0.1-0.2 PJ, occurred at several other units.
Energy consumption
PJ
■
continuing operations■
discontinued operations0 10 20 30 40 50 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Greenhouse-gas emissions
DSM’s total greenhouse-gas emissions (direct and indirect), for continuing and discontinued operations, increased from 4.2 million tons of CO2 equivalents in 2012 to 4.3 million tons in 2013. On a like-for-like basis the total greenhouse-gas emissions of DSM decreased by 19% when comparing 2013 with 2008. Most changes reflect the variations in energy consumption described previously, but the relative increase is significantly less than the increase in energy consumption. This is caused by the fact that greenhouse-gas emissions at DSM Fibre Intermediates in Nanjing (China) decreased by 0.1 million tons, even though the production volume and energy consumption of the site increased. This was the result of the new N2O-abatement system that was operational through 2013.
Greenhouse-gas emissions, continuing operations
million tons
■
direct CO2■
indirect CO2■
N2O and other gases0 1 2 3 4 5 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Greenhouse-gas emissions, discontinued operations
million tons
■
direct CO2■
indirect CO2■
N2O and other gases0 0.1 0.2 0.3 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Water use
DSM’s global water use is divided into surface water, groundwater and potable (tap) water. Total water use for continuing and discontinued operations increased from 149 million m3 in 2012 to 152 million m3 in 2013. The increase was to a large extent due to higher production levels at DSM Fibre Intermediates sites at Sittard-Geleen, Nanjing and Augusta. In addition, re-starting production facilities at DSM Nutritional Products in Belvidere (New Jersey, USA) and at DSM Sinochem Pharmaceuticals in Ramoz Arizpe (Mexico), as well as the inclusion of new reporting units, contributed to the increase. Some sites achieved improvements in water efficiency by executing specific projects. Examples are the projects carried out at the DSM Nutritional Products sites in Dalry (United Kingdom) and Sisseln (Switzerland) to prevent leakages of underground water pipelines and reduce specific water consumptions.
A significant part of DSM’s total water use is for 'once-through cooling' (about 100 million m3), particularly at sites located next to large rivers. These volumes fluctuate from year to year,