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2.1.1 Description

This work shall consist of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil in the areas designated hereunder and/or shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., and of clearing only in other areas designated here under and/or shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., all as specified herein and as required by the S.O. The work shall also include the demolition and disposal of structures in said areas, except where otherwise provided for in the Contract, as specified herein and as required by the S.O.

2.1.1.1 Clearing

Clearing shall consist of the cutting and/or taking down, removal and disposal of everything above ground level, including objects overhanging the areas to be cleared such as tree branches, except such trees, vegetation, structures or parts of structures, and other things which are designated in the Contract to remain, or be removed by others, or which the S.O. directs are to be left undisturbed. The material to be cleared shall include but not necessarily be limited to trees, stumps (parts above ground), logs, brush, undergrowth, long grasses, crops, loose vegetable matter and structures (except those structures whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided for in the Contract).

Clearing shall also include the levelling of obsolete dikes, terraces, ditches, etc., unless otherwise directed by the S.O.

2.1.1.2 Grubbing

Grubbing shall consist of the removal and disposal of surface vegetation, the bases of stumps, roots, the underground parts of structures, and other obstructions to a depth of at least 0.50 metre below ground level, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.1.1.3 Stripping Topsoil

Stripping topsoil shall consist of the removal of topsoil to an average depth of at least 100 mm below ground level, and its stockpiling for use in the Works, and/or its disposal, as directed by the S.O.

2.1.2 Construction Methods 2.1.2.1 Areas To Be Cleared

The entire road reserve area shall be cleared as described above, unless otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O.

Clearing shall be carried out to the extents deemed necessary and approved or directed by the S.O.

in areas outside the road reserve where channel excavation or other work is required.

In areas which are to be cleared only, and in which grubbing and stripping topsoil are not required, the methods of work shall be such as will not unduly damage the surface vegetation and topsoil, and care shall be taken

not to disturb the topsoil and the root systems of grasses and other surface vegetation. No topsoil shall be removed from such areas, except as directed by the S.O., and any topsoil, grasses and other surface vegetation other wise removed or disturbed shall be replaced and made good at the Contractor's own expense, all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

2.1.2.2 Areas To Be Cleared,Grubbed and Stripped Of Topsoil Except as otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O., clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be carried out in all areas of roadway excavation and in all areas where embankment is to be constructed, except that grubbing and

stripping topsoil shall not be carried out in those areas where :-i) embankment is to be

constructed on earth designated as swamp or soft ground;

ii) embankment is to be constructed to a height at the centre-line of 1.50 metres or more on ground with a cross-slope of not more than 1 (vertical) to 30 (horizontal).

Clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be carried out to the extents deemed necessary and approved or directed by the S.O. in areas both inside and outside the road reserve where channel excavation or other work is required.

Except where further excavation is required, holes and cavities in the ground surface after clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil shall be filled with materials similar to the adjacent

This work shall be considered incidental to the work of clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil, and shall not be measured for payment.

2.1.2.3 Topsoil

Topsoil to be stockpiled for the Works shall be sufficiently fertile to promote and support the growth of vegetation, and shall be taken from such areas where clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil is required as approved or directed by the S.O. Before stockpiling, topsoil shall be separated from objectionable materials, all to the satisfaction of the S.O. The Contractor shall arrange for stockpile sites either within or outside the road reserve, at his own expense, and all to the satisfaction of the S.O.

Otherwise, topsoil removed during grubbing and stripping operations shall be separated from objectionable materials and spread within the road reserve or borrow areas, or otherwise disposed of, as approved or directed by the S.O.

2.1.2.4 Timber

The ownership of timber is vested in the Government.

Saleable timber shall be trimmed and stacked in accordance with the requirements of the

appropriate Government agency, in accessible places within the road reserve as approved or directed by the S.O.

The Contractor shall have the right to use unsaleable timber (or

appropriate Government agency or authority) for his own purposes in connection with the Contract, always provided that he shall comply with the

requirements of the S.O. agency or authority) for his own purposes in connection with the Contract, always provided that he shall comply with the

requirements of the S.O.

2.1.2.5 Structures

Major structures are those which cannot practicably be cleared by bulldozer and/or hydraulic excavator, whose demolition requires pneumatic tools, explosives and/or other specialised equipment. A brief description of each major structure (if any) and depth to which extent it shall be

demolished is given in the Bill of Quantities.

All fences, buildings, structures, and encumbrances of any character within the limits of the road reserve, except those to be removed by others or designated to remain, shall be demolished and removed by the Contractor.

Materials designated in the Contract or directed by the S.O.

to be salvaged, shall be carefully removed and stored, and shall be the property of the Government.

2.1.2.6 Disposal Of Material

Unwanted material from clearing, grubbing and stripping topsoil (including the demolition of structures) shall be disposed of as approved or directed by the S.O.

Combustible material including all timber (except timber to be salvaged or used), all brush, stumps, roots, vegetation and other combustible refuse may be piled up within the road reserve and burned, where burning is allowed.

All burning shall be subject to the prior approval of the relevant Government authorities, and shall be carried out in conformance with all pertinent

regulations. Burning shall also be carried out at such places and at such times and in such a manner as to prevent fire from damaging vegetation and property within the road reserve designated to be preserved, and from spreading to areas adjoining the road reserve and damaging vegetation and property therein.

Should the clearing, grubbing and stripping of topsoil be carried out at a time when burning is not permitted, the Contractor may pile up combustible materials within the road reserve outside the limits of the road works, and burn it at a time when burning is permitted.

Where burning is not permitted at any time, or the Contractor elects not to burn unwanted material,

combustible material shall be disposed of together with incombustible material.

Incombustible material, including where appropriate the remains of burning, shall be disposed of in a safe and tidy manner at solid waste dumps outside the Site, unless otherwise approved or directed by the S.O. The Contractor shall be solely responsible for making the necessary agreements, and paying expenses and claims arising from the use of such solid waste dumps whether on Government or private land.

2.2 EARTHWORKS