5. RESULTADOS, ANALISIS Y DISCUSIÓN
5.1. Planes de acción
5.1.3 Coordinación para la ejecución
This is categorized in ICD-10 as Habit and Impulse Disorder, and in DSM-IV as an Impulse Control Disorder NOS.
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There are frequent, repeated episodes of gambling that dominate the individual’s life to the detriment of social, occupational, material and family commitments.•
The person may experience ‘craving’, a ‘rush’, ‘blackouts’, withdrawal syndrome.•
Males are affected more than females (4 per cent of Gamblers Anonymous mem-bers are females). Females tend to present earlier.•
Addiction usually begins in childhood/early adolescence.•
Predisposing factors include family history of addiction disorders, parental rejec-tion or criticism resulting in chronic low self-esteem.130 DRUG DEPENDENCE AND GAMBLING
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Progression from social gambler to pathological gambler may be precipitated/exacerbated by death of a parent/relative, birth of a child, physical illness or per-sonal threat to life, job demotion or promotion, or substance abuse.
PHASES OF ADDICTION
There are four phases: winning, losing, desperation, giving up. Stress-related physical illness, depression, deliberate self-harm and criminal behaviour are common sequelae of the final two phases.
Two-thirds of Gamblers Anonymous members have committed some illegal activ-ity to support their gambling.
MANAGEMENT OF PATHOLOGICAL GAMBLING
Abstinence is the goal of treatment. Often there are multiple additions and other co-morbid psychiatric disorders need to be treated.
Individual, group and family therapy along similar principles to those for other addiction disorders are used. Pharmacological treatment has only a limited role except in co-morbid conditions.
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