7.64 The database on 2358 indigenous finfishes with respect to their taxonomic, genetic information, and biological data was developed. ‘Fish Karyobank” containing information on karyomorphology, molecular markers and nucleotide sequences of selected fish species was developed. 1500 DNA Barcodes for more than 400 marine and freshwater fish species was developed. DNA Barcoding was used for forensic application to detect adulteration in fish products to resolve legal dispute. Sperm cryopreservation protocol was developed for 26 fish species and validated in 18 fish species. A tissue bank was established with over 13.000 accessions from different fish species. Live gene bank has been established in Lucknow and Guwahati. Cell lines were developed from 5 fresh water and 2 marine fish sp. Establishment of National Fish Museum was initiated. Monoclonal antibody for three commercially important fish for Sero-survellance of pathogens was achieved.
CbCystatin in a hypoxia tolerant Indian Catfish, Clarias batrachus was identified.
7.65 the constraints/challenges affecting growth of sector are as under:
• Investment in deep sea fishing required as this resource is estimated to hold 7% of the marine fish resources and exploitation is insignificant so far
• Policy decision and implementation mechanism regarding deep sea fishing to be put in place by the Govt.
• Investment in Sea cage culture and simultaneous proper legislation to come into effect regarding site and number of culture units (cages) to be established along coastal belt so as not to create pollution and other legal hazards in near future
• Non availability of National multi- species brackishwater Shrimp and finfish
broodstock center/hatchery. to attain production target of 4, 00,000 tones from coastal aquaculture by 2020-21 as per NFDB by horizontal expansion to 3,00,000 ha and compound growth rate of 6.13%, the sector needs research support In the formation of two specified Farms
• Absence of proper environmental flow in Indian rivers for sustenance of river ecosystem
• Near absence of proper water harvesting mechanism and water recirculatory system in hilly regions.
• Non availability of Vessel Management cell (VMC), which could look after the upkeep of departmental Vessel. A separate Vessel Management Cell (VMC) at the Institute level is needed to take care of repair and maintenance of research vessels.
• the sector needs a centre for advanced studies in policy planning and fishery management which can undertake research in social Science as livelihood, socio-economic and trade issues and act as advisory on policy planning. Development of business models and total factor productivity in fishery sector. Assist state departments of fisheries in formulation of comprehensive fisheries and aquaculture policy.
7.66 Some of the new initiatives to enhance the productivity and production of the fisheries sector are listed below:
• Demonstration of Capture based aquaculture (CBA), wherein the juveniles of wild fishes caught are reared to marketable sizes in captivity.
• The fishermen society ‘Sampradayaka
Meenugara Sangha, Byndoor Valaya’ of
Upunda village located at Byndoor participated with the researchers from CMFRI, Mangalore in community based activity and earned a farm gate price of ~Rs75,000 per cage by harvesting the product during July, when the mechanized fishing is banned.
142 State of Indian Agriculture • Introduction of Banana Shrimp
Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in Gujarat.
• Introduction of low density farming system for Litopenaeus vannamei as diverse candidate for Shrimp farming. • Estimation of environmental flow for
sustenance of river ecosystem.
• Population structure, migratory behavior and development of breeding protocol for Hilsa.
• Initiation of bringing medium carp, Pengba (Oesteobrama belangeri),
endangered fish of Manipur into cultural fold.
• Successful breeding of minor carp Labeo
dero present in foot hills, in captivity.
• Public aquarium to showcase rich fish bio-diversity established at NBFCR, Lucknow.
• Developmental of ornamental fish villages.
• National brood bank development initiated.
Box 7.3: Breeding of high value marine tropical finfish, silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii
Successful breeding of silver pompano can be considered as a milestone towards the development of pompano aquaculture in the country. the farming of pompano can be successfully carried out in ponds, tanks and floating sea cages. The species is able to acclimatize and grow well even at a lower salinity of about 10 ppt and hence it is suited for farming in the vast low saline and brackish waters of our country besides its potential for sea cage farming. In the Indian domestic market the current price of pompano is about Rs.200/-per kg.
Silver pompano Trachinotus blochi
Pompano cannulation for breeding in captivity
21-45 days fingerlings of Pompano
Box 7.4: Introduction of Trout farming in Sikkim DCFR, Bhimtal in association with Department of Fisheries, Sikkim under the project entitled “Sustainable Utilization of Mountain Fishery Resources: A Partnership Mode”; made three (3) trout breeding units functional for production of sufficient rainbow trout seed. On farm training programme on brood stock management, seed production and transportation of green-eyed ova have been organized since last four years. Seed technology has been adopted by 199 private farmers
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during 2011-12 against only one private farmer during 2008-09. 700 more farmers are schedule to take seed production in coming years Seed thus produced will be utilized in Farms as well as for ranching in natural resources.
Breeding at Private Farm, Kuokhola Box 7.5: Fish based production system in
seasonally flooded wetlands
CIFRI implemented fish based production system in seasonally flooded wetlands of West Bengal. It suggested for stocking of 6000 fingerlings/ha with supplementary feeding in these wetlands during flood period. The practices improved the water productivity from 183 g/m32008-09 to 209 g/m3 by 2010-11 and the fish yield from 2540 kg/ha in 2008- 09 to 3771 kg/ha
Fish haul from the seasonally flooded wetland