Figure 4-1 Typical Resistance-Deflection Curve for Flexural Response of
Concrete Elements ... 1052 Figure 4-2 Element Reinforced with Type B Single Leg Stirrups ... 1052 Figure 4-3 Lacing Reinforcement ... 1053 Figure 4-4 Typical Resistance-Deflection Curve for Tension Membrane
Response of Concrete ... 1053 Figure 4-5 Typical Laced Wall ... 1054 Figure 4-6 Failure of a Laced Element ... 1055 Figure 4-7 Failure of an Unlaced Element ... 1056 Figure 4-8 Typical Stress-Strain Curves for Concrete and Reinforcing Steel ... 1063 Figure 4-9 Design Curve for DIF for Ultimate Compressive Strength of
Concrete (2,500 psi < f’c < 5,000 psi) ... 1064 Figure 4-9a Design Curves for DIFs for Ultimate Compressive and Tensile
Strengths of Concrete (f’c = 6,000 psi) in Semi-Log Format ... 1065 Figure 4-9b Design Curves for DIFs for Ultimate Compressive and Tensile
Strengths of Concrete (f’c = 6,000 psi) in Log-Log Format ... 1066 Figure 4-10 Design Curves for DIFs for Yield and Ultimate Stresses of ASTM A
615 Grade 40, Grade 60, and Grade 75 Reinforcing Steel ... 1067 Figure 4-11 Coefficient for Moment of Inertia of Cracked Sections with Tension
Reinforcement Only ... 1073 Figure 4-12 Coefficient for Moment of Inertia of Cracked Sections with Equal
Reinforcement on Opposite Faces ... 1074 Figure 4-13 Typical Reinforced Concrete Cross Sections ... 1089 Figure 4-14 Location of Critical Sections for Diagonal Tension ... 1090 Figure 4-15 Angle of Inclination of Lacing Bars ... 1091 Figure 4-16 Figure Omitted ... 1092 Figure 4-17 Relationship Between Design Parameters for Unlaced Elements ... 1105 Figure 4-18 Idealized Resistance-Deflection Curve for Large Deflections ... 1106 Figure 4-19 Determination of Ultimate Shears ... 1106 Figure 4-20 Typical Flat Slab Structure ... 1128 Figure 4-21 Relationship Between Design Parameters for Flat Slabs ... 1129 Figure 4-22 Unit Moments ... 1130
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Figure 4-23 Typical Resistance-Deflection Functions for Flat Slabs ... 1131 Figure 4-24 Yield Line Pattern for Multi-Panel Flat Slab ... 1132 Figure 4-25 Quarter Panel of Flat Slab ... 1133 Figure 4-26 Dynamic Resistance-Deflection Curve ... 1134 Figure 4-27 Critical Locations for Shear Stresses ... 1135 Figure 4-28 Typical Column Loads ... 1136 Figure 4-29 Relationship Between Design Parameters for Laced Elements ... 1153 Figure 4-30 Impulse Coefficient C1 for an Element with Two Adjacent Edges
Fixed and Two Edges Free ... 1154 Figure 4-31 Impulse Coefficient C1 for an Element with Three Edges Fixed and
One Edge Free ... 1155 Figure 4-32 Impulse Coefficient C1 for an Element with Four Edges Fixed ... 1156 Figure 4-33 Impulse Coefficient Cu for an Element with Two Adjacent Edges
Fixed and Two Edges Free ... 1157 Figure 4-34 impulse Coefficient Cu for an Element with Three Edges Fixed and
One Edge Free ... 1158 Figure 4-35 Impulse Coefficient Cu for an Element with Four Edges Fixed ... 1159 Figure 4-36 Determination of Optimum Ratio of Pv /PH for Maximum Impulse
Capacity ... 1160 Figure 4-37 Optimum Ratio of Pv /PH for Maximum Capacity at Partial Failure
Deflection, x1 ... 1161 Figure 4-38 Optimum Ratio of Pv /PH for Maximum Capacity at Incipient Failure,
xu ... 1162 Figure 4-39 Vertical Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance dc
from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1163 Figure 4-40 Horizontal Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance
dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1164 Figure 4-41 Vertical Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance dc
from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1165 Figure 4-42 Vertical Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1166 Figure 4-43 Horizontal Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance
dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1167 Figure 4-44 Horizontal Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1168
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Figure 4-45 Vertical Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance dc
from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1169 Figure 4-46 Vertical Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1170 Figure 4-47 Horizontal Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance
dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1171 Figure 4-48 Horizontal Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1172 Figure 4-49 Vertical Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance dc
from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1173 Figure 4-50 Vertical Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1174 Figure 4-51 Horizontal Shear Parameters for Ultimate Shear Stress at Distance
dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1175 Figure 4-52 Horizontal Shear Coefficient Ratios for Ultimate Shear Stress at
Distance dc from the Support (Cross Section Type II and III) ... 1176 Figure 4-53 Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Support Shear (Cross Section Type
II and III) ... 1177 Figure 4-54 Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Support Shear (Cross Section Type
II and III) ... 1178 Figure 4-55 Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Support Shear (Cross Section Type
II and III) ... 1179 Figure 4-56 Shear Coefficients for Ultimate Support Shear (Cross Section Type
II and III) ... 1180 Figure 4-57 Attenuation of Blast Impulse in Sand and Concrete, ws=85 pcf ... 1193 Figure 4-58 Attenuation of Blast Impulse in Sand and Concrete, ws=100 pcf ... 1194 Figure 4-59 Relationship Between Design Parameters for Beams ... 1211 Figure 4-60 Arrangement of Reinforcement for Combined Flexure and Torsion ... 1212 Figure 4-61 Column Interaction Diagram ... 1226 Figure 4-62 Typical Interior Column Sections ... 1227 Figure 4-63 Direct Spalled Element ... 1242 Figure 4-64 Scabbed Element ... 1243 Figure 4-65 Typical Geometry for Spall Predictions ... 1244 Figure 4-65a Threshold Spall and Breach Curves for Slabs Subject to
High-Explosive Bursts in Air (Standoff and Contact Charges, Cased and
Bare) ... 1245
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Figure 4-66 Unspalled Acceptor Panel of Composite Panel ... 1246 Figure 4-67 Shielding Systems for Protection Against Concrete Fragments ... 1246 Figure 4-68 Rigid Attachment of Fragment Shield to Barrier ... 1247 Figure 4-69 Failure of an Unlaced Element ... 1248 Figure 4-70 Failure at Plastic Hinges of Laced Elements ... 1249 Figure 4-71 Backwall Failure of Cubicle with Laced Reinforcement ... 1250 Figure 4-72 Idealized Curves for Determination of Post-Failure Fragment
Velocities ... 1251 Figure 4-73 Post-Failure Coefficient Cf for an Element Fixed on Two Adjacent
Edges and Two Edges Free ... 1252 Figure 4-74 Post-Failure Coefficient Cf for an Element Fixed on Three Edges
and One Edge Free ... 1253 Figure 4-75 Post-Failure Coefficient Cf for an Element Fixed on Four Edges ... 1254 Figure 4-76 Perforation and Spalling of Concrete Due to Primary Fragments ... 1262 Figure 4-77 Shape of Standard Primary Fragments... 1262 Figure 4-78 Concrete Penetration Chart for Armor-Piercing Steel Fragments ... 1263 Figure 4-79 Residual Fragment Velocity upon Perforation of Concrete Barriers
(for Cases where x < 2d) ... 1264 Figure 4-80 Residual Fragment Velocity upon Perforation of: (1) Concrete
Barriers (for Cases Where x > 2d), (2) Sand Layers ... 1265 Figure 4-81 Depth of Penetration into Sand by Standard Primary Fragments ... 1266 Figure 4-82 Typical Flexural Reinforcement Splice Pattern for Close-In Effects ... 1283 Figure 4-83 Typical Section Through Conventionally Reinforced Concrete Wall .... 1284 Figure 4-84 Floor Slab-Wall Intersections ... 1285 Figure 4-85 Typical Horizontal Corner Details of Conventionally Reinforced
Concrete Walls ... 1286 Figure 4-86 Preferred Location of Lap Splices for a Two-Way Element Fixed on
Four Edges ... 1287 Figure 4-87 Splice Locations for Multi-Span Slab ... 1287 Figure 4-88 Section Through Column of Flat Slab ... 1288 Figure 4-89 Laced Reinforced Element ... 1289 Figure 4-90 Typical Lacing Bend Details ... 1289 Figure 4-91 Typical Methods of Lacing ... 1290 Figure 4-92 Typical Location of Continuous and Discontinuous Lacing ... 1291
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Figure 4-93 Typical Details for Splicing of Lacing Bars ... 1292 Figure 4-94 Length of Lacing Bars ... 1293 Figure 4-95 Reinforcement Details of Laced Concrete Walls ... 1294 Figure 4-96 Typical Detail at Intersection of Two Continuous Laced Walls ... 1295 Figure 4-97 Typical Detail at Intersection of Continuous and Discontinuous
Laced Walls ... 1296 Figure 4-98 Typical Detail at Corner of Laced Walls ... 1297 Figure 4-99 Intersection of Continuous and Discontinuous Laced Walls Without
Wall Extensions ... 1298 Figure 4-100 Corner Details for Laced Walls Without Wall Extensions ... 1299 Figure 4-101 Placement Requirements for Type A Single-Leg Stirrups ... 1300 Figure 4-102 Typical Detail at Corner for Walls Reinforced with Type C Single
Leg Stirrups ... 1301 Figure 4-103 Reinforcement Detail of Wall with Type C Single Leg Stirrups ... 1302 Figure 4-104 Typical Composite Wall Details ... 1303 Figure 4-105 Typical Single–Cell Structures ... 1304 Figure 4-106 Typical Multicubicle Structures ... 1305 Figure 4-107 Pouring Sequence ... 1306
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