This thesis reports the completed research report of the study. It consists of a total of eight chapters. Other than this introduction chapter, the other seven chapters include Contextual Background of the Study, Literature Review, Research
Methodology, Quantitative Data Analysis and Results, Qualitative Data Analysis and Results and Conclusion. An overview of these chapters is outlined below.
28 This chapter introduces a contextual background of the study by summarizing key aspects of education in Malaysia. The details provided in this chapter gave general understanding on the education which describes some of the development and the policies. It looks at the background of the education system and examination system which discusses the importance of assessment and evaluation with the
emphasis given to the secondary school levels. A discussion on the development of the teaching and learning of English in Malaysia is also presented. The nature of teacher education in Malaysia is briefly explained by stating the functions of the institutions responsible for providing teachers to all schools in Malaysia.
Chapter 3: Literature Review
Chapter 3 reviews a range of literature which provides the theoretical
foundation within the area of the study. It looks at the background knowledge of CF on oral language including definition of different relevant terms, theory and model of CF which are the basis of the study. An understanding of what is known now in the field of oral CF, about what constitutes best classroom practice among teachers, and what supports teachers’ and students’ beliefs on issues related to oral CF are also reviewed in this chapter. This chapter concludes with a discussion on the role of oral CF in the learning and teaching of English in ESL and EFL contexts.
Chapter 4: Methodology
The principles of the methodology used in this study are introduced in this chapter. This study used a mixed method research methodology; therefore as a methodology chapter, it discusses the qualitative and quantitative research methods in the data collection and data analysis as a mixed method research methodology of
29 this study. This chapter further details the quantitative research principle and the qualitative research principle which underpinned the methodological principles of this study. A discussion on the theories used to analyse the data collected, including the thematic analysis and constructivist grounded theory is also discussed. This is then followed with an explanation on the process involved in the data collection; a discussion on the validity, reliability and credibility of the instruments is presented next. This chapter then moves on to a discussion on the importance of a pilot study which is to ensure the validity of the study and the research instruments, including the process of the pilot study conducted in this study. Finally this chapter concludes by looking at triangulations which were important in the research methodology employed throughout this study.
Chapter 5: Quantitative Data Analysis and Results
This chapter provides an overview of the Phase I data analysis and results: the quantitative data analysis. This chapter begins by introducing the process of the validity and reliability of both sets of questionnaires as the research instruments to collect the data. The procedure involved in processing the data collected is explained next giving an introduction on the grouping of the numerical data into sub-themes. The analysis of the data and results are detailed in the next section, including an overview of the participants’ sample for both groups of participants. The techniques
involved in analysing the data including investigating of the Median values and analysis of Chi-square tests of significance are also detailed. The chapter then provided the data analysis in accordance to the sub-themes mentioned above.
30 The qualitative analysis, in particular the constructivist grounded theory
approach is introduced in Chapter 6. It views how the constructivist grounded theory approach used in the qualitative analysis provides insights into the perspectives behind the quantitative findings, or emerging insights that have not yet been enclosed. The findings from the interviews and the classroom observations are discussed. By analysing the transcriptions line by line, codes which are related to the participants’ views on oral CF are generated. The use of the three step coding
approach in coding the data of the interview has resulted in a number of dominant categories in relation to CF of oral language. COLT data analysis procedures used to analyse the classroom observations data was also presented.
Chapter 7: Conclusion
This chapter provides the discussions which follow the quantitative results and the qualitative results presented in Chapter 5 and Chapter 6. An examination of whether the research objectives of the study are achieved and the extent to which research questions are answered are presented in this chapter. An overview to the importance of conducting this study and also its journey to its completion are presented. The aims of the study, particularly the investigation of the teachers’ and the students’ views on oral corrective are revisited in this chapter. Apart from
revisiting the research aims, the findings presented in the discussion chapter are also revisited and summarised. This chapter is then followed by some thoughts on the results discussed, including how the research objectives were addressed and a discussion of the overall findings. Any emerging issues found, any weakness of the study and how the study could be undertaken in the future lead to some suggestions
31 for further research related to the topic of the thesis finally end this conclusion
chapter.