Cronograma de la propuesta

From 4 to 11 of February, 1945, the Soviet communist leader and Primer Joseph Stalin, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill met in the Crimea Conference at Yalta. The Crimea conference ought to spell the end of the system of unilateral action, the exclusive alliances, the sphere of influence, the balance of power, and all the other expedients that have been tried for centuries but have always failed. Also at the conference Stalin confronted Roosevelt with certain political conditions for Russia‘s entry into the war against Japan. On the 8 may, 1945 the Second World War ended in Europe. On 26 June, 1945, the United Nations Charter was signed in San Francisco and centered on the obligation of preemptive war theory to the United States and others who signed. From 17 July to 2 August, 1945, Stalin, Harry S. Truman who replaced Roosevelt as the President of the United States and Churchill/Attlee met at Potsdam, at the conference serious differences emerged over the future of Europe in general and Germany in particular after she surrender. However, a declaration commonly known as the Potsdam Declaration was made as alternative to unconditional surrender of Japan. Between August 6 and 9, 1945, the United States Forces used the first atomic bombs on Japan two cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki respectively and on14 August, Japan surrendered.

Former Britain‘s Prime Minister Winston Churchill delivered his high powered diplomatic speech titled the Sinew of Peace commonly referred to as Iron Curtain speech at Westminister College at Fulton on 15 March, 1946. The Paris Peace Treaties were signed on10 February, 1947. President Truman of the United States announced the Truman Doctrine and inaugurated the Marshal Plan aid package on 12 March and 5 June, 1947 respectively. In strong opposition to the Marshall Plan, on 5 October, 1947 the Eastern Bloc under the leadership and sponsorship of the Soviet Union announced the setting up of cominform (communist information Bureau) the purpose of defeating the Marshall Plan. The organization for Europe Economic Cooperation (OEEE) was set up on 5 October 1948 to coordinate Marshall Plan. Hostility between the Soviet Union and United States build up with the German currency reformation and the Soviet Union responded by placing embargo on the immigration and movement between East and West Berlin. As a counter reaction to the blockade

Put the Cold War events in perspective and the correlating move in response

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the West commenced the Berlin Airlift in June, 1948 on the traffic/ mediation between best and West Berlin as a counter reaction started the Berlin airlift.

In 1949, the communist countries under the leadership of the Soviet Union set up the Comecon. Also, the western military alliance was formed culminating in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). On 4 April, the treaty was signed by 11 countries including the United States, Britain and France. The Soviet Union ended the blockade of Berlin and the airlift was stopped, accordingly. The Union Soviet Socialist Republic developed and exploded its first atomic bomb. Thus, the Cold War conflict progression with both sides possessing atomic bomb the tension assumed a new dimension.

The 1950s opened with the forces of North Korean invading South Korea when the satellite army of the communist half of Korea in a surprised sudden bolt invaded the non – communist half on 25 June, in the manner that divided Germany into two.

Through, the Berlin Blockage had been lifted but the walls and borders of East – West Germany were fortified. On 3 October 1950, Britain, joined the league of nations that possess atomic bomb as she tested here first A. bomb. Barely 23 and 30 day after, The United States exploded her first H bomb and Eisenhower became the President respectively. In March 3, 1953, Joseph Stalin died and was succeeded by Khrushchev as CPSU leader in September. In June 1953, East Germans (workers) were engaged in a massive uprising against communist rule beginning in East Berlin. And the three year old Korean War was declared ended on 27 July.

In 1955, West Germany joined NATO and four days after, on 14 May, the Warsaw Pact was established as an alliance between Moscow and the Communist regimes of East Europe. February 14, 1956, at the 20 Congress of CPSU, Khrushchev denounced his predecessor Stalin signifying a paradigm shift of policy and strategy which ultimately led to the dissolution of Cominform on April 17. The Hungarian uprising was a of de-Stalinization motivation to protest Soviet domination of their own country and against repressive domestic policies. Between 31 October and 7 November, the British – French air attack in Suez a nd Soviet forces launched an offensive against Budapest on 4 November. While in the United States, Eisenhower was being re-elected as President. On 4 October 1957, the Soviet Union launched and announced her earth satellite codenamed SPUTNIK -1. The decade ended with Fidel Castro assuming control of the Island called Cuba to propagate the communist ideals and policies and the visit of CPSU leader Khrushchev to the United States.

France, joined to swell the number of countries that possess atomic bomb, as she exploded her first atomic bomb on 13 February, 1960. Barely 15 days to the four power summit in Paris on 16 May, an American spy-plane U.2 was shot down over Soviet Union and the summit failed. On 1May, 1960, President J. F. Kennedy

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succeeded Eisenhower as United States President. In 1961, precisely 12 May, space travel and technology advanced as Yuri Gagarin, a Russian astronaut became the first man on space. In August, the border between East and West Berlin was sealed and commenced the construction of Berlin Wall. The Cold War‘s first arms control agreement known as Antarctic Treaty came into force in 1961. In 1962, the Cuban missile crisis occurred, it confirmed and depicted Castro and associates as

revolutionist against the United States from the moment they seized power. 1963 witnessed increase in bilateral relationship between the United States and Soviet Union as both set up hotline and signed nuclear test-ban treaty in June 20, and 25 July respectively. Also in June, President Kennedy visited Berlin and met Khrushchev in Vienna. He was assassinated and Johnson became the United States President. In October 1964, Brezhnev assumed leadership of CPSU and Johnson won the United States Presidential elections in November. Also, in Asia, China exploded her first atomic bomb on October. The United States - Viet Cong conflict escalated into Vietnam War in 1965. In 1966, France withdrew its forces from NATO military command demanding a thorough reorganization of NATO as she claimed to be subordinated to the integrationist system dominated by les Anglo - Saxons. On January 27, 1967, representatives of sixty countries including the trio of United States, Soviet Union and Britain signed a treaty banning nuclear weapons from outer space.

Similarly, the trio signed a Treaty of Nonproliferation of nuclear weapons in 1968.

Czechoslovakia denounced the Warsaw Pact but Warsaw Pact troops intervened to maintain physical control of its wayward ally and prevented the Czechs from developing military capabilities. The year ended with Nixon becoming the United States President- Elect in November.

The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) began in November 1969 and a treaty was signed in 1972 by the United States and Soviet Union. Early in 1971, China was admitted into the United Nations while Taiwan was expelled as a member. The Germany basic Treaty was signed by the East and West in 1972. Early in 1973, the Vietnam Peace Treaty was signed in Paris and in March, the United States withdrew its troops from Vietnam, the war ended in April, 1975. In far away Middle East, the Arab-Israeli War (Yom Kippur War) broke out and oil prices were doubled by producers.

Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon who resigned as the United States President. Brezhnev agreed to chart a new strategic aim control pact in 1974. In 1975 the two superpowers behind the Cold War- the United States and Soviet Union embarked on the Appollo- Soyuz space flight and the Helsinki Declaration was signed. In Africa, the Angolan Civil War started in November, 1975. Jimmy Carter won the United States Presidential Elections in 1976. He facilitated and organized the Camp David meeting between the Arab – Israeli leaders that broker peac e in the Middle East. The Camp

David meeting is significant because it provided a platform for dialogue and opened up personal communication between the leaders. In 1977 the Soviet Union deployed SS – 20 missiles.