CUADRO III.1: INVERSA DE LA TASA DE DEPENDENCIA, TASA DE

APPENDIX B

APPENDIX B: Table of Measurement Instruments and Scale Items

Social Development Research Group (Arthur et al., 2002) Risk and Protective Factors Early Onset of Negative Behaviors

How old were you when you first:

1. a. smoked marijuana?

2. b. smoked a cigarette, even just a puff?

3. c. had more than a sip or two of beer, wine or hard liquor (for example, vodka, whiskey, or gin)?

4. d. began drinking alcoholic beverages regularly, that is, at least once or twice a month?

5. e. got suspended from school? 6. f. got arrested?

7. g. carried a handgun?

8. h. attacked someone with the idea of seriously hurting them? 9. i. belonged to a gang?

Family Conflict

When you read each of the following statements, think if it would describe your family for a couple of months or more during your childhood:

1. People in my family often insulted or yelled at each other. 2. People in my family had serious arguments.

3. We argue about the same things in my family over and over.

Neighborhood Attachment

When you read each of the following statements, think if it would describe how you felt for a couple of months or more about a neighborhood you lived in before you were 18:

1. I wanted to get out of my neighborhood. 2. I liked my neighborhood.

3. If I had to move, I would have missed my neighborhood.

Commitment to School

When you read each of the following statement, think if it would describe you most of the time before you were 18:

1. Did you think your schoolwork was important? 2. Were you interested in your classes?

3. Did you enjoy school most of the time? 4. Did you try to do your best in school? 5. I looked forward to going to school.

APPENDIX B (continued)

Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS) (Nadal, K, 2010)

Think about your experiences with race.

Please read each item and think of how many times this event has happened to you in the PAST SIX MONTHS:

Assumptions of Inferiorty Subscale

5. Someone assumed that I grew up in a particular neighborhood because of my race. 9. Someone assumed that I would not be intelligent because of my race.

17. Someone acted surprised at my scholastic or professional success because of my race. 21. Someone assumed that I would not be educated because of my race.

22. Someone told me that I was “articulate” after she/he assumed I wouldn’t be. 32. Someone assumed that I would have a lower education because of my race. 36. Someone assumed that I held a lower paying job because of my race. 38. Someone assumed that I was poor because of my race.

Second-Class Citizen and Assumptions of Criminality Subscale

2. Someone’s body language showed they were scared of me, because of my race. 6. Someone avoided walking near me on the street because of my race.

8. Someone avoided sitting next to me in a public space (e.g., restaurants, movie theaters, subways,

buses) Because of my race.

11. I received substandard service in stores compared to customers of other racial groups. 31. Someone clenched her/his purse or wallet upon seeing me because of my race.

34. Someone assumed that I would physically hurt them because of my race. 40. Someone avoided eye contact with me because of my race.

Microinvalidations Subscale

4. I was told that I should not complain about race. 7. Someone told me that she or he was colorblind. 10. I was told that I complain about race too much

14. I was told that people of all racial groups experience the same obstacles. 26. I was told that people of color do not experience racism anymore. 27. Someone told me that they “don’t see color.”

30. Someone told me that they do not see race.

33. Someone of a different racial group has stated that there is no difference between the two of us.

APPENDIX B (continued)

Racial and Ethnic Microaggressions Scale (REMS) (continued)

Exociticization and Assumptions of Similarity Subscale

3. Someone assumed that I spoke a language other than English. 13. Someone wanted to date me only because of my race

20. Someone did not believe me when I told them I was born in the US. 23. Someone told me that all people in my racial group are all the same. 29. Someone asked me to teach them words in my “native language.”

35. Someone assumed that I ate foods associated with my race/culture every day. 42. Someone told me that all people in my racial group look alike.

43. Someone objectified one of my physical features because of my race. 45. Someone assumed that I speak similar languages to other people in my race

Environmental Microaggression Subscale

12. I observed people of my race in prominent positions at my workplace or school. 18. I observed that people of my race were the CEOs of major corporations.

19. I observed people of my race portrayed positively on television. 24. I observed people of my race portrayed positively in magazines.

28. I read popular books or magazines in which a majority of contributions featured people from my racial group.

37. I observed people of my race portrayed positively in movies.

41. I observed that someone of my race is a government official in my state

Workplace and School Microaggression Subscale

1. I was ignored at school or at work because of my race.

15. My opinion was overlooked in a group discussion because of my race.

16. Someone assumed that my work would be inferior to people of other racial groups. 25. An employer or co-worker was unfriendly or unwelcoming toward me because of my race.

44. An employer or co-worker treated me differently than White co-workers.

Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (Phinney, 1992)

Choose the response that best fits how you feel about each of the statements:

Cognitive Subscale

1. I have spent time trying to find out more about my ethnic group, such as its history, traditions, and customs.

2. I am active in organizations or social groups that include mostly members of my own ethnic group.

3. I think a lot about how my life will be affected by my ethnic group membership. 4. In order to learn more about my ethnic background, I have often talked

5. I participate in cultural practices of my own group, such as special food, music, or customs.

APPENDIX B (continued)

College Self-Efficacy Instrument (Solberg, 1993)

Click on the point in the scale that best fits how confident you are that you could successfully complete the following tasks:

Course Subscale

1. Research a term paper. 2. Write course papers. 3. Do well on your exams. 4. Take good class notes.

5. Keep up to date with your schoolwork. 6. Manage time effectively.

7. Understand your textbooks.

CRAFFT (Knight, et al., 1999)

1. Have you ridden in a car driven by someone (including yourself) who had been drinking or using drugs?

2. Do you use alcohol or drugs to relax, feel better about yourself, or fit in? 3. Do you use alcohol or drugs while you are by yourself, alone?

4. Do you forget things you did while using alcohol or drugs?

5. Do your family or friends tell you that you should cut down your drinking or drug use?

6. Have you gotten into trouble while using alcohol or drugs?

Criminal Intent (Backstrom & Bjorklund, 2008)

Choose the response that best fits how you feel about each of the following 1. I am not likely to commit a crime in the future.

2. I would keep any amount of money I found. 3. I could see myself lying to the police.

4. In certain situations I would try to outrun the police 5. I would be open to cheating certain people.

6. I could easily tell a convincing lie.