Cuadro de Mando Integral

The data matrix used for the analysis is shown in Appendix 3. Parsimony analysis yielded 10000 equally parsimonious trees of Fitch length 235, with a consistency index (Cl) of 0.29 and retention index (Rl) of 0.71. Successive weighting reduced the number of trees to 226, with weighted length 44986 (Fitch length 238), 01 of 0.52 and Rl of 0.86. One of the weighted trees is shown in Figure 2.2. Numbers above the branches indicate the number of character-state changes, those in boldface show percent support from bootstrap replicates. Arrowheads indicate branches that collapse in the strict consensus of all successively weighted trees.

The tree shows Lycaste to be split into two clades. One of these contains all those species currently ascribed to sect. Fimbriatae, including L. dyeriana. Species from the other three sections are placed together in an adjacent clade. There is weak bootstrap support (60%, 67%) for these two clades and less than 50% support for the monophyly of the genus Lycaste. Sister to Lycaste is a weakly supported clade containing Anguloa and Neomoorea', within this, there is strong (97%) support for the monophyly of Anguloa. The other Lycastinae species are placed together, sister to Lycaste!Anguloa/Neomoorea, and there is strong support (89%) for the separation of Lycaste!Anguloa!Neomoorea from these. The outermost clade comprises the four species of Maxillaria and again, there is strong support (96%) for the separation of these from Lycastinae. The consistency indices of individual characters before reweighting ranged from 0.09 (character 24) to 1.00, indicating a high degree of homoplasy in the data set.

The character states that were the most difficult to determine concerned the shape of the mid-lobe apex; this part of the flower was often damaged in herbarium specimens. The character was deleted from the data matrix and the analysis repeated using the same conditions.

Anguloa Key sect D eciduosae Fim briatae Longisepalae Lycaste

Lycaste dow iana Lycaste leucantha Lycaste cochleata Lycaste lum inosa Lycaste consobrina Lycaste c am pb e llii L ycaste arom atica L ycaste suaveolens Lycaste cruenta Lycaste Candida

Lycaste m a c r o . xan thochella Lycaste brevlspatha Lycaste crinlta Lycaste m acrobu lbo n Lycaste lasloglossa Lycaste schillerian a - Lycaste m a c r o . desboisiana Lycaste d epp ei Lycaste xytrlophora Lycaste tric o lo r L ycaste andreetae Lycaste fo w lle l Lycaste costata L ycaste cinnabarlna Lycaste locusta Lycaste relc h e n b a c h ll Lycaste fim brlata Lycaste d ila ta Lycaste fragrans Lycaste barrlngto nlae Lycaste trifoliata L ycaste lanlpes Lycaste fulvescens Lycaste nana L ycaste gigantea Lycaste dyeriana Lycaste m ath laseae A nguloa c lo w es ll A nguloa c llfto n ll A nguloa dubia A nguloa eburnea A nguloa virgln alls A nguloa brevllabris A nguloa h o h e n lo h ii N eo m o orea w allls ll B ifren aria harrlsonlae R udo lfiella aurantiaca X y lo b lu m la tllab lum M axillaria um bratllls M axillaria violaceopunctata M axillaria picta M axillaria tenulfolla m

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Figure 2.2 O ne of the 2 2 6 successively weighted most parsimonious trees showing cladistic relationships within subtribe Lycastinae, based on 47 morphological characters. Numbers above the branches are the estimated number of substitutions, numbers below are bootstrap percentages greater than 50% . Arrowheads indicate branches not present in all trees.

Key I I L sect D eciduosae Y //X ^ sect. Fim briatae iH D il ^ sect Longisepalae WÊÊ L sect L ycaste Anguloa 66 81 61

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L y c a ste m acro, x an thochella Ly c a ste m acro, desboisiana N eo m o o rea w a llis ii R u d o lfie lla auran tiaca B ifren aria h a rrlsonlae X y lo b lu m la tilab ium M a xilla ria um bratilis M a xilla ria violaceop unctata M a xilla ria p icta

M a xilla ria te n u lfo lla

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Figure 2.3 O ne of the 4 1 6 4 successively weighted most parsimonious trees showing cladistic relationships within subtribe Lycastinae, based on 46 morphological characters. Num bers above the branches are the estimated number of substitutions: numbers below are bootstrap percentages greater than 50% . Arrowheads indicate branches not present in all trees.

Again, 10000 most parsimonoius trees were found, this time with Fitch length 221, Cl 0.30 and Rl 0.71. Successive weighting yielded 4164 trees of weighted length 42811 (Fitch length 222), 01 0.54 and Rl 0.87. These trees have a different topology from those described above, as is shown in Figure 2.3. Lycaste is no longer monophyletic; the species have been placed in two clades. One of these comprises both Anguloa and species from L. sect. Fimbriatae, the other, as before, encompasses species from the other three sections of Lycaste. There is strong support for the monophyly of Anguloa (98%), but only weak support for that of both L. sect Fimbriatae and the clade containing species from the other sections of the genus. Sister to Lycaste!Anguloa is Neomoorea and as before there is strong support (81%) for the separation of these three genera from the other Lycastinae species. Within Lycastinae, there is weak support for the separation of Rudolfiella from Bifrenaria and Xylobium. As before, there is strong support (96%) for the separation of Lycastinae from the four species of Maxillaria.