El Cuerpo de la Tricónica consiste de:

New developments have made it easier for people to connect with the Internet. At the same time, these new developments have increased the potential for both the occurrence of cyber crime and cyber attacks. Such devices provide the means and opportunity for criminals and terrorists to launch attacks on communication

infrastructures that could lead to potential devastating consequences in aworld in which

interconnectedness protects, assists and enables safety, security and sustainability of so many areas of business.

Cyber crime has been attributed to many other crimes associated with organised crime. Drug trafficking, human trafficking, online fraud and scams are all supported by

Information Communications Technologies. Cyber hacking has a number of close parallels with the international trade in illegal drugs. It has grown from a cottage industry into a global business. Accordingly, cyber criminals are using individuals to transfer money in much the same way as drug smugglers use carriers to transport drugs. Terrorists have also understood the capabilities surrounding cyber related criminal activities, many of which tend to be labelled as precursor crimes for terrorist activities. Popular cyber crimes include distribution and sale of illicit medicines, distribution of child pornography, money laundering, fraud and related scams, identity fraud and even extortion

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Cyber crime and cyber attacks continue to be of concern for government entities, multinational corporations and small businesses, all of which are open to Denial of Service (DOS) attacks and other similar harmful and penetrative attempts to prevent and disrupt services. These attacks can happen for the amusement of the perpetrator or for financial gain. The most significant problem facing law enforcement has become the ability for perpetrators to hide their online movements, often making it impossible to accurately track what they are doing.

The scale of cyber fraud currently experienced by the world's banks is high enough, potentially; to trigger another global financial crisis

(http://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/personal-finance/cyber-crime-could-trigger-a-global- crisis?pageCount=0) (Accessed: 31 December 2014) Estimates suggest gangs are now stealing billions of dollars on a regular basis. There are also reports that cyber criminals are using vast wealth resources to buy political influence and other forms of protection for their illegal activities. Although there are no reliable statistics available for cyber fraud, security experts believe that the cyber hacking of banks is far more lucrative for organised crime than the global trade in illegal drugs.

According to Interpol (Interpol 2011 Environmental Scan), organised criminal groups that exploit Information Communications Technology can be divided into three distinct categories or groups. The first of these groups are based on traditional organised

criminal groups which make use of Information Communications Technologies to enhance their terrestrial criminal activities. Secondly, there are organised cybercriminal groups which operate exclusively online. The third are organised groups of ideologically and politically motivated individuals who make use of Information Communications Technologies to facilitate their criminal conduct (Interpol 2011 Environmental Scan found at: www.interpol.int/.../INTERPOL.../INTERPOLENVIRONMENTALSCAN (Accessed 5 December 2013).

Popularity in the last two years of online social networking accounts has seen an increase in identify fraud and new risks that challenge the safety of children. Criminals are using the Internet to communicate across international boundaries, commit financial crimes and hack into banking systems, in addition to people’s personal accounts for purposes of identity theft. As the use of the Internet increases, criminals will be provided with increasing opportunities in which to commit more online crime.

James B. Comey, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statement in testimony on 14 November 2013 before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and

Governmental Affairs, Washington, D.C. indicated that threats posed to organisations and individuals through cyber crime have increased faster than potential victims or cyber security professionals can cope, placing targeted organisations and individuals at significant risk. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) anticipate in the future, resources devoted to cyber-based threats will equal or even eclipse the resources devoted to non-cyber based terrorist threats. Driven by the prospect of significant profits, cyber criminals’ technology and methods have outpaced traditional security models and many current signature based detection technologies. As a result, greater awareness of these crimes is still required along with the necessary training and technology to allow law enforcement and regulatory bodies to respond effectively. Extract from: James B. Comey, Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) statement in testimony on 14 November 2013 before the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Washington, D.C. found at: http://www.fbi.gov/news/testimony/homeland-threats- and-the-fbis-response (Accessed 1 February 2014).

Police and other law enforcement agencies continue to make cybercrime a priority in 2015. One such agency is Europol.

Europol is the European Union’s law enforcement agency whose main goal is to help achieve a safer Europe for the benefit of all EU citizens. Europol does this by assisting the European Union’s Member States in their fight against serious international crime and terrorism. Available at: www.europol.europa.eu/content/page/about-us (Accessed 28 June 2015)

cybercrime in the European Union and beyond. The Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce (J-CAT) was initially set up for a period of six months using the latest technologies and using an international police liaison model which extended beyond Europe. J-CAT was further extended in June 2015 and made permanent feature of Europol. A new release from Europol in June 2015 quoted Andy Archibald from the UK's National Cybercrime Unit, the agency leading J-CAT, as saying, "These modern, professional, internationally- operating cybercriminals ask for strong cross-border law enforcement coordination and cooperation, and the J-CAT delivers exactly that". Available at:

(www.europol.europa.eu/latest_news/mandate-joint-cybercrime-action-taskforce- extended-after-successful-first-six-months) (Accessed 28 June 2015)

Europol in 2015 reflects the priorities of the FBI and Interpol in that one of Europol’s main priorities is to combat international criminal and terrorist groups, especially those using cyber space. J-CAT is a reflection of the need for countries to counter international

criminal and terrorist groups in the new cyber environment.Police and other law

enforcement agencies continue to make cybercrime a priority. One such agency is Europol.

Europol is the European Union’s law enforcement agency whose main goal is to help achieve a safer Europe for the benefit of all EU citizens. Europol does this by assisting the European Union’s Member States in their fight against serious international crime and terrorism. Available at: www.europol.europa.eu/content/page/about-us (Accessed 28 June 2015)

To combat international crime and terrorism crime Europol launched on 1 September 2014 to further strengthen the fight against cybercrime in the European Union and beyond, the Joint Cybercrime Action Taskforce (J-CAT), initially set up for a period of six months. J-CAT was further extended in June 2015 and made permanent feature of Europol. A new release from Europol in June 2015 quoted Andy Archibald from the UK's National Cybercrime Unit, the agency leading J-CAT as saying, "These modern,

professional, internationally-operating cybercriminals ask for strong cross-border law enforcement coordination and cooperation, and the J-CAT delivers exactly that". Available at: www.europol.europa.eu/latest_news/mandate-joint-cybercrime-action- taskforce-extended-after-successful-first-six-months (Accessed 28 June 2015)

Europol in 2015 reflects the priorities of the FBI and Interpol in that one of Europol’s main priorities is to combat international criminal and terrorist groups. J-CAT is a reflection of the need for countries to counter international criminal and terrorist groups. .