2 MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS
2.1 CULTIVO DE MICROALGAS
2.1.2 CULTIVO DE C HLORELLA VULGARIS A NIVEL PILOTO
epithelioid cells, not otherwise, if asked what will u do next after u see caseous necrosis then click AFB STAINING , if no clue is given the click AFB STAIN) 57. The spindle fibers will decrease in discharge of impulses when - Muscle contracts
(NOTE; the job of spindle is to contract muscle, it means when the muscle contracts , its job is done and it DEC FIRING )
58. Diagnosis for leprosy, initial investigation - Nasal scrapping.
59. Benign neoplasm – Adenoma. 60. 3 germ layers tumor – Teratoma.
61. When adrenalin release from medulla, causes vasodilation by acting on - Beta 2 adrenergic receptors. ( ALPHA 1 = contraction , Beta 2= dilation )
62. Increased GFR and increased plasma flow occur due to - Dilation of afferent arteriole.
63. Characteristic of cerebellar lesion – Dysmetria
64. Emax (maximum effect) of a drug depends on – Efficacy
(cram it, is highly repeated)
65. Study in which every person of a population has equal chances of being
selected – Random sampling.
66. Amniocentesis is done - After 14th weeks.
67. 1st response against acute inflammation in tissue – Macrophages. 68. In dark granules containing cells; IgE attaches to – Basophils. 69. Opsonization - C3b.
( also Fc portion of IgG is opsonin, BUT C3b is more potent)
70. Exudate - more than 3g of proteins.
71. About active transport of drug all are true except - All drugs pass via active transport.
72. Pulmonary artery supply to – Alveoli.
( this is the evergreen question among repeated ones)
73. Muscles of back innervated by - Dorsal rami.
74. In young boy dyspnea produced on lying - Retrosternal goiter.
75. Most important cause of bronchogenic cancer – Smoking. 76. Edema caused by - Increased hydrostatic pressure.
77. Edema caused by - Lymphatic blockage.
78. BP 210/180mmHg and creatinine 8% damaged part – Juxtaglomerular
apparatus.
( this que is is mostly repeated In same way, so remember if very high BP an raised creatinine and in options there is JG APPARATUS. Don‘t click anything else)
79. Female with blood group A, have 2 children; one with O and other with AB,
blood group of father is – B.
80. Genetically true hermaphrodite XXY
( This is one of the most controversial MCQ, and according to Goljan xx is correct ans that‘s in 50% of cases while other combinations make only little percentage, but cpsp key makes XXY a better option)
81. DNA replication occur in – Interphase.
( DNA & CHROMOSOMES replication occur in interphase)
82. Glycogenolysis caused by deficiency of which hormone – Insulin 83. Investigation for liver amoebic abscess – Serology.
84. Surgery of submandibular gland; nerve damaged - marginal mandibular branch of facial.
(This branch of facial nerve runs superficially and is mostly damaged during surgery)
85. On posterior surface of oblique and transversalis fascia - Arcuate line.
86. Aspirin overdose causes – tennitus.
(Aspirin …. if asked GI disturbances = click normal dose, if tinnitus then= OVERDOSE)
87. Cardiac output measurement via thermodilution – Temperature change
downstream with CO.
( NOTE ; if thermo dilution not mentioned then Ficks method)
88. Father with defective gene on one autosomal chromosome, develops disease
later in his life; chances of getting disease in children – Half of the children will be affected.
89. If left circumflex artery occluded - Infarction of left atrium and left ventricle.
90. MCC of multiple fractures in adult – Osteoporosis.
91. Patient with fracture of many bones and low BP immediate treatment - Volume replacement.
92. Most common fracture of long bone - Tibia.
93. Collagen fibers – Eosin stain
94. Gamma efferent supply to – Intrafusal muscle spindles.
( memorize by heart, its highly repeated)
95. Micturition – Self generating.
96. Hallmark of HIV – Proliferation of virus in T cell
( if asked about AIDS, THEN progressive immune deficiency).
97. 1g protein gives energy – 4 kcalories.
98. Isotonic and isometric contraction difference is that isotonic contraction –
comsumes more phosphate bond. ( memorize as such , highly repeated)
99. Autonomic nervous system – parasympathetic increase salivary secretion. 100. Protrusion of mandible – Lateral pterygoid.
101. After feeding the baby, diarrhea develops – Gastrocolic reflex.
102. Both sides of 5th posterior intercostal spaces is supplied by - Thoracic aorta.
103. 2 years old child with medially rotated arm lesion in - Upper trunk.
104. Female with uterus cancer which travels to labia majora following which
105. Pain in epigastrium due to ulcer, transmitted by - Greater splanchnic nerve.
106. Vesicular lesion on the tip of nose and eyelid - Ophthalmic nerve.
107. Patient can‘t abduct till 30 degree, which muscle is responsible –
Supraspinatus.
108. Nerve supply to plantar surface of foot - Posterior tibial.
109. Medial arcute ligament – Psoas major muscle.
110. Bitemporal hemianopia due to lesion of - Central part of optic chiasm.
111. Ventral spinothalamic tract - Coarse touch and pressure.
112. Dorsal column – Proprioception.
113. Vibration and touch via - White matter of posterior spinal cord.
114. Function of notochord - Induction of ectodermal neural plate to produce neural tube.
115. Midbrain reticular system – Unusual stimulus causes arousal. 116. Most radiosensitive tumor – Glioma.
117. Hormone increased during sleep as compare to at day wakefulness –
Cortisol.
118. In Trigeminal neuralgia anesthesia given to block trigeminal ganglion at
which site – Middle cranial fossa.
119. Patient with intentional tremors and facial paralysis lesion at –
Cerebellopontine angle.
120. Opioids produces vomiting by acting on - Chemo trigger zone in medulla.
121. Patient working in mine with tuberculin test positive. Cough, fever, weight
loss with hilar lymphadenopathy – Silicosis.
( silicosis = predispose to TB that‘s why tuberculin positive)
122. Male working in construct factory with pleural plaques – Asbestosis.
( asbestos predispose to bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma )
123. Neoplastic cells with continuous mitosis due to persistence of – Telomerase. 124. During exercise venous return is due to - Contraction of calf muscles.
125. During exercise increased blood supply to muscles - Local metabolites.
126. Action of steroids as anti-inflammatory is due to - Inhibiting phospholipase.
127. Intermediate filaments (keratin) staining with immunofluorescence to
diagnose – Carcinoma. ( note that if there is mentioned carcinoma then look for keratin , and if meshenchymal tissue tumor then VIMENTIN)
128. VPL nucleus of thalamus when damaged cause – somatosensory loss of
(REMEMBER , Ventral posterolateral nucleus is for somatosensory sensation from contralateral body while ventral posteromedial ie VPM is for sensation from face )
129. Thiazide diuretic cause – Hypokalemia.
130. Man living on side of a river, got blindness from nematode; organism -
Onchocerca volvulus. ( highly repeated)
131. MCC of HTN – Idiopathic.
132. Adult female with breast atrophy due to decrease in – Estrogen plus
progesterone.
133. Female with hirsutism, galactorrhea, infrequent heavy menstrual cycle. U/S
both ovaries with cystic lesions and LH:FSH :: 3:1 – PCOS
134. Female with hot flushes - Increase FSH and LH.
135. Injection of atropine will cause - Dryness of mouth.
136. Female with severe loss of vibration, Investigation of choice - Stomach biopsy.
(this scenario is about vitamin B12 deficiency where there is sub-acute combine degeneration of spinal cord resulting in loss of vibration & position sense , the most common cause of vitB12 deficiency pernicious anemia, for which stomach biopsy is indicated )
137. Child with yellow sclera and colored urine, best Investigation - Bilirubin and ALT
138. Female with weakness and lethargy with RBCs 5.5 diameter and very thin
red line of RBC in peripheral smear - Microcytic hypochromic anemia.
139. Monitoring of Hep B – Serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase.
140. Female with reactive anti HBe and reactive total anti HBc along with non-
reactive HB IgM and non-reactive HepBs Ag - Acute recovery phase.
141. Patient with obstruction jaundice; now bleeding cause - Vit K deficiency.
142. Investigation of Hashimoto thyroiditis – Antimicrosomal and anti-
thyroglobulin antibodies.
143. Cimetidine interaction with warfarin causes - Decrease hepatic clearance of warfarin.
144. Patient using some anti-coagulant, how will you know that anticoagulant
is warfarin because it is being monitored by – PT
( remember the oral anticoagulant means warfarin and to moniter warfarin INR > PT, so if INR is there then click it if not then PT)
145. BP drops from 100mmHg to 70mmHg – Decrease in carotid sinus nerve
146. Erythropoietin is secreted by – Mesangial cells.
( erythropoietin is secreted by peritubular capillaries, but in CPSP exams, it is secreted by mesangial cells #respect)
147. Patient with all symptoms of Cushing along with increased ACTH cause - Cushing disease. ( simple difference between CUSHING disease and syndrome is , that in cushing diseae ACTH will be high )
148. Child with machinery like murmur – PDA. 149. PaO2 is 100% in - Left to right shunt.
150. Kallmann syndrome – Defect in Arcuate nucleus.
151. Diplamotoylphosphatidyl choline + carbohydrate + proteins is a content of – Surfactant.
152. In asthma = Decrease FEV1.
153. Splenectomy is most useful in - Hereditary spherocytosis.
154. Findings in glycogen storage diseases - Hepatomegaly and hypoglycemia. 155. Corynebacterium diphtheria produces – Exotoxins.
156. Common specie of Corynebacterium affecting human is – Diphtheriae. 157. Typical symptom of food intoxication by Clostridium botulinum - Flaccid paralysis.
158. CSF with increased proteins and polymorphs with decrease glucose the drug of choice = Ceftriaxone.
159. About the pharmacology of Neiserria gonorrhea = Pencilin G. 160. Major histocompatibility is related to – HLA.
161. Kidney is transplanted, gets cyanosed in 10 minutes, type of reaction - Antibody mediated. ( In case of hyper acute rejection, there are preformed antibodies, which reacts within minutes,)
162. A child with Agammaglobulinemia is prone to - Pyogenic infections. 163. Diagnostic criteria for sarcoma - Increased vascularity.
164. Soldier coming down from height, now with discoloration of fingers, dyspnea - Secondary polycythemia.
165. Vitamin D acts on intestinal mucosa via - expression of genes.
166. Release of neurotransmitter due to - Influx of calcium in presynaptic fiber. 167. Calcium influx via slow channels in ventricle cells causes - Ventricular ejection.
168. Increased ‗a‘ wave in JVP due to - Tricuspid stenosis.
169. Person with HR 80/min, on ECG RR interval would be - 0.75 sec. 170. Class III Antiarrhythmic – Amiodarone.
172. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy – Myocytes disarray.
173. 5 month of pregnancy, lady with thyrotoxicosis, drug of choice – PTU. 74. 30 years old smoker, psychotic, vomiting of fluid with visible peristaltic movements on abdomen cause -Pyloric stenosis.
( note that the stomach that you hear ( auscultation give splash sound) , you can see ( visible peristalsis ) and you can feel ( olive like mass on palpation ) is pyloric stenosis )
75. Myenteric system of parasympathetic is potentiated by – Ach.