3. Propuesta pedagógica artística en el ETCR Héctor Ramírez
3.7. Día internacional de los derechos de las niñas y de los niños
Aachen, Germany, New Medical Faculty Building, 21 Alusuisse, 32, 38, 39, 58
Amersfoort, NL, Wilbrink House, 40 Apeldoorn, NL, Centraal Beheer, 123 Ashiya, Hyago, Japan, Koshino House, 45 Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Dome, 19
Barcelona, Spain:
German Pavilion of the International Exhibition, 3 Pantadome, 85, 86
Basiano, Italy, IBM Complex, 73, 149 Basle, CH, CAN-SUVA Building, 103 Berlin, Germany:
Congress Hall, 53 Galeries Lafayette, 103 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 21 Reichstag, 102
Berne, CH, Reiterstrasse, 102
Birdair, 83
Bordeaux, France, Law Courts, 134 Brazilia, Brasilia, 5, 28, 128
Breslau (Wroclaw), Jahrhunderthalle, 2 Brno, Czech R., Tugendhat House, 3, 23
Brussels, Belgium, Waucquez Department Store, 102 Bucharest, Romania, Palace of the Republic, 23 Budapest, Hungary, West End, 142, 154
California, USA:
Chiat/Day-Main Street, 140 La Verne University, 82
Chelmsford, UK, APU Learning Resource Centre, 103 Chicago, I11, USA:
John Hancock Center, 56 South Wacker, 44 CLASP, 45, 72, 118
Corbeil-Essonnes, France, IBM Complex, 73
Dallas, Texas, USA, Raschofsky House, 67 Denver, Colorado, USA, Boettcher Hall, 105
Detroit, Michigan, USA, Ford Plant geodesic dome, 85 Esslingen-Berkheim, Germany, Hall ‘Airtecture’, 47, 86 Frankfurt, Germany, Trade Fair Stand, 47
Garches, France, Les Terrasses, 3
Gothenburg, Sweden, Law Courts Annex, 103 Guyancourt, France, L’Avancée, Renault Research and
Technical Centre, 18
The Hague, NL, Town Hall, 22 The Hague, NL, VROM Building, 42
Hanover, Germany, Deutsche Messe, Hall 26, 52, 99 Harris House, USA, 67
Hartford Conn, USA, Civic Center Coliseum, 153 Helsinki, Finland, Congress Building, 22
Hooke Park, Dorset, UK, Westminster Lodge, 133
Japan, Umeda Sky City, 12 Jena, Germany, Planetarium, 4
Kobe, Japan, Pantadome, 85 Kubota, 39, 58, 59
Kyoto, Japan, Face House, 12
Lausanne, CH, EOS Building, 102 Leipzig, Germany, Neue Gewandhaus, 21 Lille, France, Euralille, Congexpo, 18, 22 London, UK:
Canary Wharf, Docklands, 20 Elephant and Castle, 20
Piccadilly Circus, Trocadero, Segaworld, 141
Mason’s Blend, Alabama, USA, Bryant House, 67 Marne-la-Vallée, France, 13
Maserberg, Germany, recreational clinic, 47 Medina, Saudi Arabia, 47
MERO, 6, 38, 85 Montpellier, France:
Marne-la-Vallee, 13, 44
Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 13, 44 Montreal, Canada:
Expo, modular flats, 13, 43, 53 Geodesic dome, 85
Salle Wilfried Pelletier, 105
New Jersey, USA, Teiger House, 67 Newcastle, UK, Byker Estate, 20 New York, USA:
Columbus University, 16 Lever House, 6, 18, 56
Orlando, Florida, USA:
Team Disney Building, 45
Walt Disney World Planet Hollywood, 141 Osaka, Japan:
EXPO, air inflated structure, 47 International Convention Centre, 13
Paris, France:
Institute of the Arab World, 18, 100 La Grande Arche, 18
La Villette, 16, 32, 41, 42 Pompidou Centre, 13,14, 21, 32 Radio Building, 42
Pennsylvania, USA, Waterfall House, 66 Poissy, France, Villa Savoye, 4
Prague, Czech Republic, Müller House, 23
Reutlingen, Germany, Domino Haus, 102 Rome, Italy:
Il Tempietto, 142 Pantheon, 51, 100
Rotterdam, Netherlands:
Bijenkorf, 21
Institute of Architecture (NAI), 22 Lijnbaan, 5, 21
Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 13
Santa Barbara, Cal., USA, Blades Residence, 67 SCOLA, 72, 118
SEAC, 72
Selangor, Malaysia, Menara Mesiniaga, 133 Shanghai, China, Tshinmao Building, 55 Skanska Cementgjuteriet, 22
Sofia, Bulgaria:
Institute of Technical Sciences, 23 Party Headquarters, 23
St. Louis, Missouri, USA:
‘Climatron’ Botanical Garden, 19, 85 Gateway Arch, 36
St. Petersburg, Russia, Winter Palace, 146 St. Veit, Glan, Austria, Funder factory, 16 Stockholm, Sweden, Kungsholmen flats, 107 Stuttgart, Germany, experimental housing, 65 Sukkertoppen, Valby, Denmark, 102
Tarragona, Spain, Auditorium, 47 Tokyo, Japan:
Hermes store building, 42 Yasuda Academia Building, 99 Triodetic, 38, 85
Trondheim, Norway, Dragvoll University Centre, 103 Utrecht, NL, Schroeder House, 3, 7
Vienna, Austria:
Löwengasse, Kegelgasse, 16 Falkenstrasse, 16
Volendam, NL, 113
Warsaw, Poland, Palace of Culture and Science, 23 Washington, D.C., Pentagon Building, 153
Weil am Rhein, Germany, Vitra fire fighting station, 16
Ahrends Burton and Koralek, 13, 77 Ahrendt W, 23
Alcoa, 32 Allen W, 153 Alto, H, A, 22
Alusuisse, 32, 38, 39, 58 Amman and Whitney, 22 Ando T, 25, 45, 145 Andreu P, 17, 39, 42 Ardahan, N, 26
Ashton, Raggatt, McDonald, 70 Asplund E G, 22
Asymptote, 20 Atelier 6 Group, 28 Azagury E, 29
Bach and Mora, 22 Badran R, 26 Bakema J B, 5, 21 Balency-Schuhl, 18 Barani M, 18 Becker, 104 Behrens P, 3
Behrens and Partner, 21 Berg M, 2
Berger H, 81, 82, 83, 115 Berkel v B, 40, 149 Berlage H P, 3 Birdair, 83
Bofill R, 13, 44, 65, 139 Bolles and Wilson, 147 Bolsheviks, 4
Botta M 22, 26, 40 Bradburn J, 78, 83 Bramante, 142 Breuer M, 3, 21 Broek v d, J H, 5, 21 Brundtland, 131
Building Design Partnership, 40 Bunshaft G, 56
Burger J, 14
Buro Happold, 40, 47, 87
Butler Manufacturing Company, 118, 119
Calatrava S, 12, 57, 76, 77, 78, 112, 128 Camus, 7, 18, 45, 66, 118
Candela F, 28, 80, 81, 112 Candrawinata T, 28 Cantor, 143 Catrus, 85 Chadirji R, 26 Chaix and Morel, 18 Chen Voon Fee, 26 Coenen J, 22, 42 Coignet, 18, 45, 66, 118 Correa C M, 24 Costamagna, 18, 66 Csete Gy, 23 Cullinan E, 133
Dada N A, 16, 24 Dassault, 88, 112 Derrida J, 16, 138 Dévényi S, 23 Diba, K, 26 Dieter F, 23 Doesburg v, T, 3 Doshi B V, 24 Dow, 32 Doxiades C, 127 Duthilleul J-M, 18
Egeraat van, E, 22, 142 Eiffel G, 2
Eisenman P, 16, 18, 26, 65, 138 Electrolux, 107
El Lissitsky, 16, 23 Entasis Arkitekter, 22 Estudio Cano Lassi, 22 European Union, 94
Eyck v, A, 22, 148
Fainsilber A, 36, 41, 42 Faraoui, 29 105, 127, 128, 157
Francis, 42
Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 94 Goldfinger E, 20
Gortazar G, 28 Grassi G, 22
Graves M, 14,18, 139 Greenburg A, 13 Grimshaw N, 21, 42, 75 Gropius W, 3, 26 Happold E, 81, 115 Hara H, 12, 140 Harley, 85
Hasegawa I, 12, 16, 25, 140 Hauvette, 99
Hawley M, 38
Hertzberger, 22, 65, 123, 148
Hertzog Thomas and Partner, 21, 52, 99 Hestnes Schmind Toggweiler, 102 Hibersheimer, 127
Himmelblau, 16, 145 Hitchcock H R, 6 HLM, 18
Iyengar H, 53, 115 Izmail K, 47
Jacobs, J, 127, 138 Jäger, G, 21
Kahlen and Partner, 119 Kahn, L, 24
Kajima, 35, 61, 121 Kandinski, W, 3
Kawaguchi, M, 83, 85, 86, 116 Kawasaki Heavy Industries, 42 Ken Yeang, 26, 133
Kersale, Y, 103 Khan, F, 6, 56, 82 Kikutaka, K, 12 Kim Chung-up, 28 Kim Sok Chal, 28 Kim Wou, 28 Klee, P, 3 Kleihaus J P, 45 Koch, 143 Kubota, 39, 58, 59 Kühn and Kühn, 104 Kurokawa, K, 79 Laan v d, 143 Lalvani N, 88
Lari Y, 24
Larsen-Nielsen, 22, 34, 45, 66, 118, Lasdun D, 20
Le Corbusier, 3, 4, 7, 8, 10, 17, 23, 24, 28, 41, 45, 65, 100, 102, 127, 128, 138, 143, 147, 157
Lepena and Torres, 22 Levy M, 19, 81, 88 Lézènès, G, 100 Libeskind D, 12, 16, 70 Lim Cheong Keat, 26 Lim W S W, 26
Makovecz, I, 15, 23 Malevich, 16 Martini F di G, 129 May E, 65 Mayne T, 67 Maziere de, P, 29
Meier R, 14, 18, 22, 37, 67, 110, 147 Mendelsohn E, 3
Mengeringhausen M, 6, 85 Meyer A, 3
Michael Hopkins and Partner, 21, 47, 75 Michelangelo, 142
Milgo-Bufkin, 88 Minkowski, 143 Miralles, 22 Mitterand F, 18, 68 Mockbee S, 67 Niemeyer O, 5, 28, 128, 144 Nihon Sekkei Inc, 99 Nodus, 85
Perrault D, 52, 68 Philips, 110
Piano R, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 22, 24, 26, 42, 70, 74, 100, 101, 147
Pilkington, 32, 41, 42 Pinon and Viaplan, 22 Pleskot, J, 23
Portman J, 102, 127, 145 Portoghesi P, 24, 138 Portzamparc de, C, 26, 147 Posohin M V, 23
Prince Charles, 13, 14, 20 Prouvé J, 118
Pyramitec, 85
RCR Aranda Pigem Vilalta, 22 Rice P, 11, 32, 41, 42, 112, 115 Saarinen Eero, 10, 36
Saarinen Eliel, 22 Safdie M, 13, 43 Saint Gobain, 32
Sancho Madridejos Moneo, S M, 22 Sandell T, 22
Schinkel, 14
Schneider and Schumacher, 21 Seifert R, 20
Sever S, 24
Severud Associates, 43, 83, 115 Shimizu, 121
Shinohara K, 14, 25, 140 Shreve Lamb and Harmon, 4 Simon Ungers, 20
Skanska Cementgjuteriet, 22
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, 6, 56, 82, 147 Skoda R, 21
Spreckelsen V, 18 Spria P, 100 Steidle O, 21
Stern R A M, 13, 14, 18, 67, 139 Stirling J, 13, 14, 21
Stoilov G, 23 Studio Archea, 22 Sumet Jamsai, 26 Swetin, 16
Swoo Guen Kim, 28
Taisei, 121
Takamatsu S, 14, 25, 140 Takenaka, 121
Takeyama, 12, 114 Tange K, 25, 51, 127, 157 Tao Ho, 26
Tatlin V, 4
Tay Kheng Soon, 26 Taiyo Kogyo Corporation, 83
Tchaikovsky, 110 Tchernikov, 16, 23 Tengku H, 26 Testa M J, 28
Thompson and Rose, 20 Thyssen, 32
Tibbatts Associates, 141 Tikka R, 22
Tolstoy, 142
Torroja E, 5, 22, 80, 112, 115 Tschumi B, 16, 17
Turrell J, 104
Unistrut, 85 Utzon J, 10, 11
Valle, G, 73, 149 Van Allen, W, 36 Vaudou (and Luthi), 73
Venturi Scott and Brown, 14, 18, 20, 138 Viollet-le-Duc, 144
Voysey, 20
Walker A, 123, 142 Warszawski A, 121
Weber Brand and Partners, 21 Weidlinger Associates, 19, 85 Wendell Burnett, 20
Wigley M, 16
Wilford M and Partners, 14 Wright F L, 3, 8, 15, 24, 66
Yamamoto R, 25 Yamashita K, 12 Yeang K, 26, 133 Zevi, 138
Plate 1 The Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, Spain, 1883–1926 and continued in the present, architect:
Antoni Gaudí. Organic-romantic, neo-gothic architecture with national-traditional decorations (coloured ceramics) but modern (reinforced concrete) structure.
with modernist trends. Voted in 2000 by the American Institute of Architects the greatest building of the twentieth century. Photographer Terence Maikels. © Photographs of Fallingwater courtesy of Western Pennsylvania Conservancy.
Plate 3 Lever House, New York, USA, 1952, architect: Gordon Bunshaft from SOM (Skidmore, Owings and Merrill ). One of the first models for the ‘International Style’. The tower has the first sealed glass curtain wall.
historic architecture designed with pre-cast concrete components.
realizations, this is a masterpiece of deconstructivist architecture. © Van Bruggen: Frank O. Gehry:
Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Guggenheim Foundation, New York.
Plate 5 Georges Pompidou National Centre for Art and Culture, Paris, France, 1971–77, architects:
Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano. A first realization of the idea of a ‘high-tech’, ‘cultural machine’ building; the external pipes painted in vivid colours, a staircase with a cylindrical plexiglas envelope, the overall boiler-house impression, open up a new approach in post-modernist architecture.
Deconstructivist design ignoring usual functional requirements (nicknamed ‘Fred and Ginger’ because its two towers seem to be dancing). © Van
Bruggen: Frank O. Gehry: Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Guggenheim Foundation New York.
modern building with white porcelain enamel steel panels.
Plate 8 The new entrance glass pyramid of the Louvre, Paris, France, architect: M.I.
Pei (Pei Cobb Freed and Partners), 1983–88. Historic form designed with modern technology: steel structure, transparent glazing.
© National Geographic Society.
Plate 11 Law Faculty, Cambridge, UK, 1995, architect: Sir Norman Foster and Partners. Fully glazed north elevation.
Plate 12 New Railway Station at Frankfurt/Main Airport, glazed structure. Space frames are used in various structural systems. The German MERO is one of the first such systems. © MERO-VISION 2000 leaflet, No. 35, 1999/2000.
depot, Westlea Down, Swindon, Wiltshire, UK, 1982–83, architect: Foster Associates, structural engineer: Ove Arup and Partners. Masted building, suspended roof, coloured appearance.
Piano Building Workshop. A combination of regional modern (high-tech) and organic-traditional approach. © Tim Griffith/ESTO, The Pritzker Architecture Prize, Harry N. Abrams Inc. Publishers.
Plate 14 Asian Games Village, New Delhi, India, 1982, Raj Rewal. Cluster housing in a Third World country, combining up-to-date and traditional technology and design.
Plate 15 Institutional Hill apartment building, Singapore, 1988, architect: Tang Guan Bee. Lively, articulated architecture, practically without any domestic, traditional influence.
Plate 16 Menara Mesianaga, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1992. Fourteen-storey building, post-modern in a developing country; side core building, metallic external skin, ‘sky-courts’. © Harrison et al.:
Intelligent Buildings in South East Asia, E & FN Spon.
Oscar Niemeyer. A beautiful combination of natural and built environment. The structure is likened to a chalice or a saucer. © Oscar Neimeyer, The Pritzker Architecture Prize, Harry N. Abrams Inc. Publishers.
Plate 18 National Museum of Roman Art, Merida, Spain, 1980–85,architect: José Rafael Moneo.
Modern architecture with the use of traditional materials: (Roman style) brick masonry bearing walls, filled with concrete. © The Pritzker Architecture Prize.
Coenen. Structural glass facade. Post-modernist/late-modern, high-tech tall building.
Plate 20 Niigata Performing Arts Center, Japan, architect: Itsuko Hasegawa. A transparent glass façade. © Courtesy of Itsuko Hasegawa.
Malaysia, architect: Kisho Kurokawa. and Partners, structural design: Anthony Hunt Association Ltd. Several spherical domes varying from 38 to 125 m in diameter, double-layer structure of hollow profiles, hexagonal geometry, bolted connections. © MERO.
Plate 23 Health Clinic, Bad Neustadt, Germany. ‘MERO-Plus single layer system’.
© MERO.
historical and modern architecture; new information centres (‘médiatheques’) contribute to the renewal of cities.
Plate 26 Planet Hollywood in Walt Disney World Orlando, USA, 1994, architect and interior designer:
Rockwell Group). A building with entertainment restaurants, it is a translucent blue globe over 30 m high, at night covered with shimmering coloured lights. © {ai; Warchol.
Plate 27 The Trocadero Segaworld, London, UK, 1996, architects: RTKL UK Ltd, Tibbatts Associates.
A multi-storey game centre, with futuristic neon-lit escalators. © John Edward Linden.
Plate 29 Standing glass fish, 1986, designer: F.O.
Gehry, materials: wire, wood, glass, steel, silicon, plexiglas, rubber. A design which became an objet d’art, Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, USA.
Plate 30 Signal Box, Basel, Switzerland, architects:
Herzog and de Meuron, 1992–95. In new architecture the external envelope frequently conceals internal functions of the building. © Taschen.
material: Colorcore Formica. An enigmatic sign.
and Helmut Swiczinsky. Deconstructivist
architecture, with ‘red comb’, a power station with
‘dancing chimney stocks’. © Taschen.
richly ornamented South American cathedrals.
Plate 32 ‘The Atlantis’
Apartment Block in Miami Biscayne Bay, Florida, USA, 1979–82.
Eighteen-storey building; pierced-through building volumes occur in new architecture.