DATOS SOBRE LOS AERÓDROMOS 2.1 Datos aeronáuticos

The African society is cash-based: people are accustomed to using cash for most of their transactions. Limited availability of electronic payments and low level of credit card access are major barriers for the development of e-commerce. The lack of government policy on credit cards, the lack of credit card initiatives from the private sector, conservatism among banks and high risk for consumers as well as low use of banking facilities are all major challenges.

E-commerce in the region has been slow to take off due to two key factors, namely the lack of awareness and interest, as well as the low number of e-commerce portals that allow

customers to buy online directly from the brands.

Companies that have e-payment platforms such as I&M Bank, JamboPay, PesaPal and I-pay say the uptake of cards for electronic commerce has been very slow. This has forced the players to integrate their systems to mobile phone operators’ platforms to attract more customers. Thus, the mobile has come to be regarded as a channel which facilitates access to formal financial services. Nigeria has licensed no less than sixteen mobile money providers, in a country with 70 million bankable customers.

In the Arab world, credit and/or debit cards is the most accepted method of payment with 63% of the analyzed portals using it. Bank/wire transfer or checks and cash on delivery options are also frequently used.

The United Arab Emirates is considered the third wealthiest country in the world in terms of gross domestic product per capita. Nevertheless, in this country e-commerce is still in early stages, mainly because the traditional retail infrastructure is very developed and online shopping is considered a leisure activity, not a necessity.

Annex 1: Background information and references

The information in this report is likely to change because of many developments. Therefore we provide an overview of the sources we used in this chapter. This will provide background information that will help merchants organize their web shop and internet payment system. In this chapter you will find information about studies into internet usage, e-commerce and other related issues.

Studies on internet usage

Statistical information on internet usage can be found on the following sites: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

www.Internetworldstats.com

Studies on e-commerce

Reliable, publicly available information on e-commerce behavior is hardly available. Some information can be extracted from:

http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat

Dutch research agencies regularly publish summaries of the most important e-commerce research results. For more information visit the following websites:

www.blauw.nl Blauw Research

www.multiscope.nl Multiscope

www.tns-nipo.com TNS-NIPO

E-Commerce Center of the University of Karlsruhe: www.ecc-handel.de

Research on e-commerce in Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe can be found via:

www.gemius.pl Gemius

Other research market organizations include:

Online payments 2011 - Annex 1: Background information and references

www.forrester.com Forrester Research

www.gartner.com Gartner

www.imrworld.org IMR World

www.emarketer.com E-Marketer

www.javelinstrategy.com Javelin Strategy and Research

www.nilsonreport.com The Nilson Report

Policy in the Netherlands

As part of government policy in the Netherlands, there are various activities aimed at promoting electronic commerce. The policy documents concerning the digital delta can be found on the following site:

www.minez.nl

Concrete information can be found with the ‘the Netherlands goes digital’ initiatives (‘Nederland gaat digitaal’). Information on this subject can be found at:

www.syntens.nl

E-commerce for the entrepreneur

A general website containing information about the business use of the internet for sector and company is:

www.zibb.nl

General information on the various aspects of doing business via the internet can be found on the website of the Dutch Platform for the Information Society:

www.ecp-epn.nl

Information on quality marks can be found on the website of the Dutch quality mark institute: www.keurmerk.nl

A Dutch initiative is the quality mark of Thuiswinkel Waarborg. Thuiswinkel is the Dutch branch organization for web merchants. Visit:

www.thuiswinkel.org Thuiswinkel.org

www.emota.org EMOTA (Europe)

www.imrg.co.uk IMRG (The UK)

www.versandhandel.org Verbund des Deutschen Versandhandels (Germany)

www.vad.fr Federation de Vente a Distance FEVAD (France)

Service of the German TÜV to provide for safer e-commerce: www.safer-shopping.de/

Service provider that certifies web shops: www.trustedshops.de/de/home/

For information on an international quality mark initiative, visit: www.bbbonline.org/Business/

Payment-related service provision

Specialized service providers in the area of debtor management: www.intrum.com

www.maxcredible.com

www.infoscore.de/de/index.html www.schufa.de

www.inkassofort.de

Information about payment products

General information about payment products is available on the website of the Bank for International Settlements:

www.bis.org/cpss/cpsspubl.htm

Specific information about the organization of payment systems in the various countries of the European Union (the so-called Blue Book) can be found on the website of the European Central Bank:

Online payments 2011 - Annex 1: Background information and references

The website of the ePayment System Observatory contains a database with information about payment products and background papers. The website is: