Capítulo 2. Marco Teórico
5.4 Debilidades del estudio 1
89
are mostly from rural district of Kilgori where more mosquitoes were caught and highest malaria prevalence recorded. The observed significant difference in intensity between the sexes is in agreement with previously reported findings (Shulman, 1999).
90
(1) There is the need for Yabo Local Government council to embark on massive mobilization on the importance of standard environmental sanitation in both study sites and the Local Government at large with a view to prevent mosquito bite by using indoor residual spraying, environmental cleanliness as well as preventing young children in endemic areas who have not yet developed immunity from getting the disease by placing them under bed nets from dusk to dawn, the period when the malaria vector (Anopheles mosquitoes) mostly bite.
(2) There is need for construction and maintainance of adequate drainage system and gutters to avoid having stagnant water which are known to favour the development and survival of mosquitoes.
(3) Government should strentened community enlightenment on the preventive measures against mosquito population abundance and risk of contracting malaria disease.
(4) It is also recommended that, more funds be allocated to the Primary Health Care Department to intensify efforts on preventive measures against malaria.
(5) Emphasis should be placed on indoor residual spraying and provision/use of insecticide treated nets for prevention of Malaria and other mosquito-borne diseases
(6) There is the need for regular chemoprophylaxis, where necessary in combination with prompt treatment recommended for travelers. It is also essential to avoid stagnant pools and poor environmental condition, which encourage the breading of mosquito.
(7) Further studies should be carried out to educate the local communities on the dangers associated with mosquito breeding habitats and mosquito bites.
91
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97 APPENDICES
Department Of Biological Sciences, Zoology Unit, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
Research On Mosquito Breeding Habitat, Abundance and Malaria Prevalence in Yabo Local Government Area of Sokoto State, Nigeria.
APPENDIX I
Consent form for Participation
I am undertaking a study to determine Mosquito Breeding Habitat, Abundance and Malaria Prevalence in Yabo Local Government Area of Sokoto State.
You are free to or not to participate in the study, but we will greatly appreciate it if you will be part of this study as your participation will help in understanding the problem better and provide useful information that will assist in designing targeted public health interventions to control and prevent Risk of malaria sickness caused by mosquitoes in Yabo Local Government area of Sokoto State.
If you agree, you may be ask some questions, assign some field work and blood sample for malaria testing (depending on your role in the study) will be collected from you. For those participants enrol for malaria testing, only finger pricking to obtain a drop of blood which will last for 1 minute only. For field and Laboratory Work, participation will last for 4 months only.
Consent obtained? Yes No If yes,
Signature or right thumb print of the respondent/date
…...………..
Witness:
Name: ………..
Signature/Date ……….
98 APPENDIX II
Sashen Karatun Kimiyyar Halittu Da Rayuwa, Bangaren karatun Dabbobi Da Kananan halittu
Jamiar Usmanu Danfodiyo Sokoto
Bincike kan Wuraren da Sauro ke Haifuwa, Yaduwa da Adadin Yawan a Kiyasi na Wadanda ke Dauke da Cutar Malaria a cikin Yankin karamar Hukumar Yabo Cikin Jahar
Sakkwato, Nigeria.
Zuwa Ga Wadanda suka amince su shiga wannan bincike a matsayin Mataimaka ko Marar Lafiya
Ina yin wannan bincike ne don gano adadin Wuraren da Sauro ke Haifuwa, Yaduwa da Adadin Yawa a Kiyasi na Wadanda ke Dauke da Cutar Malaria a cikin Yankin karamar
Hukumar Yabo Cikin Jahar Sakkwato.
Kana/kina da dammar ka/ki shiga wannan bincike, tabbas za ka/ki umfana idan ka/ke shiga cikin wannan bincike, saboda bada hadin kan ka/ki zai taimaka wajen fahintar Wuraren da Sauro ke Haifuwa, Yaduwa da Adadin Yawa a Kiyasi na Wadanda ke Dauke da Cutar Malaria a cikin Yankin karamar Hukumar Yabo Cikin Jahar Sakkwato.
Idan ka/ke amince, zan yi saka/ki wani aiki ko a fili ko cikin dakin bincike, Haka kuma, ga wadanda za a dibi jinin su don gwadin rashin lafiyar zazzabin clzon sauro, za a hudi yatsansu don a debi digon jinni ayi bincike..
Idan ka/ke aminta ba da tilastawa ba, za ka/ki ba da goyon baya ga wannan binciken da muke yi domin neman taimakon ka/kid a hadin kai.
To, na amince Aa, ban amince ba Idan ka/ke amince:
Suna………
Ka sa hannu ko ka dangwala babban dan yatsa na dama anan/kwanan wata
………
Shaida:
Suna………
Sa hannu da kwanan wata……….
99
100
101
Plasmodium Falciparum Ring Form
Thick film
102
Schizont stage P.f
Thin film Thick film
103
Gametocyte stage P.f
Thin film Thick film
104
Thin film Thick film
Trophozoite stage of P.vivax
105
Differential characteristics
Pf Pm Po Pv
RBC Infection
Young, Normocytes
Normocyte Reticulocyte &
Normocytes
Reticulocyte &
young normocytes
Cell enlargement
None None Yes + Yes ++
Stippling
Maurer Zieman James Schuffner
Pigments
Dark brown Yellowish Brown
Dark Brown Golden Brown
Merozoite Number