La defensa del agua desde los territorios: resistencias y alternativas

Unlike pangas tilapia is a omnivore species and can solely depend on planktonic feeds when density in farming is low or solely depend on supplemental feeds in captivity or in cages or may be raised mixed under planktonic feed and supplemental feeds. Most farmers are in Bangladesh are confident to farm tilapia of various origin. A newly constructed pond is not suitable for tilapia farming as new ponds easily become turbid and prevents plankton growth. Introduction of mono-sex tilapia in late 1990s in Bangladesh initiated manufacturing of dry sinking pellet as well as floating pellet feeds in the country.

Feed millers started manufacturing fish specifically pangas feed in the country and pangas feed without changing its compositions were modelled as tilapia feeds. Pangas, carps and tilapia fed in Bangladesh is not very different in composition and percentage of crude protein contents. Now more than 20 medium and large feed companies are manufacturing and marketing pangas and tilapia feeds in the country.

Fig. 52. Home made feed use to a high density pangas and tilapia farming

Initially, use of supplemental feeding started with mash type feeds where farmers used to mix suitable ingredients and feeding directly those to ponds with a belief that fish will eat everything provided. However, specialist says that part of the mash feeds actually disintegrate in pond water after its administration and remains out of touch of the animal for which it is given and ends up as fertilizer. In relatively low density panags ad tilapia

farming mash feed reportedly assist for relatively high productivity as tilapia reportedly strains some suspended solids those actually comes from disintegrated feed /feed particles. However, specialist suggests that in high density /semi-intensive farming dry pellet of sinking or floating types should be used.

Table - 33. Division-wise Feed Mills and Turn-over (Dhaka Division)

Sl No. Name of Feed Mills District Total Sales 1 Suadi Bangla Fish Feed Ltd. Bhaluka Mymensingh 33,000 1000

2 Sunny Feeds Ltd, Bhaluka, Mymensingh 5,000 1500

3 BRAC Feeds, Bhaluka, Mymensingh 10000

4 Excel Feeds, Trisal, Mymensingh 3000

5 Talukder feeds, Bhaluka, Mymensingh 4000

6 Jamjam Feeds, Bhaluka, Mymensingh 3800

7 Surjavita Feeds Ltd, Bhaluka, Mymensingh 4000 8 Al Fallaha( Shusumo ) Feeds, Trisal, Mymensingh 15000 9 Premium Fish Feeds, Muktagacha Mymensingh 2000 10 Trisal Fish Feeds, Trisal, Mymensingh 1200 11 Naris Feeds Ltd, Bhaluka, Mym & G. pur 4500

12 SMS Feeds Ltd, Mauna, Gazipur 7,000 200

13 Neo Hope, Sreepur, Gazipur 22,000

14 Paragon Feeds- Gazipur 16,000

15 Rahat Feeds Ltd, Muktagacha Gazipur 7000

16 Bay Agro Ltd, Gazipur 2000

17 Mono Feeds, Gazipur 6000

18 Solid Feeds Ltd, Gazipur 6000

19 Lion Feeds, Gazipur Gazipur 4000

20 Bay Agro Ltd, Gazipur Gazipur 2000

21 Biswas Feeds, Gazipur Gazipur 38000

22 Elia Feeds, Gazipur Gazipur 1200

23 Lion Feeds, Gazipur Gazipur 3200

24 Lucky Feeds, Gazipur Gazipur 3000

25 AIT feeds Ltd, Gazipur, 20000

Fig. 52 shows a mash feed supplements to culture ponds. There are 56 feed mills in the country those manufactured and marketed feeds in 2009-2010. However, most of the feed mills are located in Dhaka division.

Table 33, shows feed mills, their locations and total production and marketing of feeds in 2009-2010. This division in fact produces roughly 86% of fish/shrimp feeds in the country. Individually, Quality Feeds Ltd, a company tops the list followed by Spectra Hexa with popular brand known as Mega feeds is distant second with less than half of the front runner.

The Chittagong division has a total of 9 feed mills and combined produces 97,000 ton of dry pellet where CP tops the list followed by Fresh feeds. Table 34 shows the feed mills in Chittagong division and their locations ion districts.

Table 34. Division-wise Feed Mills and Turn-over (Chittagong Division)

The feeds mills manufacturing pellet feeds for fish in Rajshahi division are shown in Table 35. As shown in the table (Table 31), no fed mills in the division produces floating feeds or shrimp feeds all they manufacture is sinking fish feeds. The leading

manufacturer in the division is ACI Feeds Ltd., followed by Quality feeds those who have a plant in Bogra besides plant in Gazipur in Dhaka division.

Table 35. Division-wise Feed Mills and Turn-over (Rajshahi Division) Sl No. Name of Feed Mills District Total Sales 1 Euro Feeds Ltd, Sitakundo, Chittagong 7000

2 CP Bangladesh Chittagong 34,000

3 Provati Feeds, Comilla 4000

3 Tamim Feeds Ltd,

Table 36 shows fish/shrimp feed mills in the Khulna division. There are 4 feed mills in Khulna division those were operational during 2009-2010. The 4 fed mills in the division combined produced roughly 17,000 ton of feeds during the reported period. Besides, four division mentioned above, remaining 3 divisions in Bangladesh does not have any fish feed mills.

Table 36. Division-wise Feed Mills and Turn-over (Khulna Division)

7.8. Survival (endurance) of Pangas and Tilapia as Farmed Species

As mentioned earlier pangas is an ideal species for farming by a beginner. This is due to the fact that pangas is one of the hardiest farmed fish in Bangladesh. They survive almost 100% even in abused farming methods. The species survive in environment with shortage of dissolve oxygen (DO) through gulping and it is said that pangas makes so mush movement in farmed water that DO shortage seldom occurs. Their movement in farm water make agitation and that helps aerial oxygen to dissolve in water. Pangas grow very rapidly when adequate quality grade supplemental feeds are administered. However, they can endure without supplemental feeds for months without any growth in body