II. MARCO TEÓRICO
II.2. AUTOCONCEPTO
II.2.2 Definición de autoconcepto
An important part of chess strategy is the promotion of pawns. The value of the pawn increases dramatically as it nears the queening square. Your opponent will do all he can to stop the dangerous pawn, but this is often possible only at the cost of great material losses.
Of course, the strong pawn needs the support of the other pieces. Since promotion to a queen involves a great material advantage, one is also ready to sacrifice something to achieve it. Naturally, combinations are not always necessary, but sometime we must use such tactical means.
In this lesson we shall look at some typical combinations involving promotion. They are often part of endgame play, but you can also make use of far advanced pawns in the middlegame
A passed pawn can also be created without a sacrifice, for example if you have a pawn majority on one side of the board. But sometimes tactical operations are required.
Pawn breakthrough
Let's start with two well known pawn endings.
Diagram 19-1
1766 l.b6!
An important idea for pawn endings. After 1 .lt>fl?, Black can prevent the breakthrough: 1 ...b6! (but not 1...a6?, due ro 2.c6. Nor 1 ...c6?, due to 2.a6) 2.cxb6 cxb6 3.axb6 axb6=.
1...axb6
Or 1 ...cxb6 2.a6! bxa6 3.c6+-.
2.c6! bxc6
3.a6+-Combinations Involving Promotion
The king must keep an eye on the opposing pawns.
Not 4.a7??, in view of 4 ... c2-+. lLld5t 3.>Ya5 >Yc7 4.lLle5 f6 5.lLlc4+-.
2.b6 ttlc6t
Or 2 ... lLlcs 3.>Yb5+-.
3.>Ya4+-Black cannot fend off the threat of a7 and aSWi.
1-0
Diagram 19-5
a b c d e f g h
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c d e f g h
Tactics 9
Double attack: threatening a knight along with promotion
Let us consider two opening catastrophes.
Krasnoyarsk 1969
1.f4 e5 2.fxe5 d6 3.exd6 .hd6 4.tLlf3 g5 5.e4?
Better is 5.d4.
5 ... g4 6.tLlgl?
6.li:Id4 was necessary.
6 .. JWh4t 7.'�e2 g3 Threatening Vlffxe4#.
8.tLlc3
Diagram 19-5 8 ... �xh2! 9Jhh2 gxh2
A typical situation. The threat is ... h 1 Vlff, as well as ... hxgl Vlff, and White cannot ward off both threats at the same time.
10.lilf3 hl�-+
White has lost a whole rook.
0-1
Finkenstein 1 997
l .d4 d5 2.li:If3
i.f5
3.c4 c6 4.�b3 �b6 5.cxd5�xb3 6.axb3 .hbl?
The correct move is 6 ... cxd5 7.li:Ic3;!;.
Diagram 19-6 7.dxc6! .ie4?
In an old game Black realized his mistake and played 7 ... li:Ixc6, but was lost anyway after 8.E:xb l , C.Schlechter - J .Perlis, Karlsbad 1 9 1 1 .
8.E:xa7! E:xa7 9.c7
+-The pawn cannot be stopped. White won with his queen after 34 moves.
Here are a few more examples, which additionally illustrate various tactical procedures: deflection, decoying, blockade, blocking, knight agaimt rook pawn.
1 84
Combinations Involving Promotion
Diagram 19-7
London 1 946
The threat is l...!'lel#. White finds a combination which deflects the rook on e8 away from the back rank.
1.!'lh5t! Ii>xh5 2.�xf5t Ii>h6
3.�xe4+-Black resigned. After 3 ... !'lxe4 there comes 4.d7 and then d8V;V.
0-1
Diagram 19-8
Bamberg 1930
l.!'lfSt!
A clever decoy.
1. . .l::!x£8
2.�h8t!+-Black cannot take the queen, due to 3.exf8�#, but not taking it is equally painful.
1-0
Diagram 19-9
West Germany 1 964
1 .1f4!!
White blockades the f-pawns, so the black bishop can no longer stop the h-pawn. But not l.h6?, in view of 1
.
. .f4 2.h7 5-+.1...li>xf4
2.h6+-Continuing h6-h7-h8V;V.
1-0
Diagram 19-7
a b c d
Diagram 19-8 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c d
Diagram 19-9 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c d
� I
6.
--\,0
e f g h
6.
e f g h
6.
e f g h
C\ ,...
�
<
'"
Diagram 19-10
()
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c d
Diagram 19-1 1 8
7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c d
e f g h
£.,.
e f g h
Tactics 9
Diagram 19-10
USSR 1 972
U:!h5!
Not l .fXe7? when Black has 1 ...!'he6.
1. . .l::!xh5
2.fxe7+-The pawn on e6 blocks the e-file.
1-0
Diagram 19-11
Malaga 2000
White carries out a typical combination.
1.c!Dxb7! c!Dxb7
2.bxa6+-An important position. The black knight cannot stop the white rook pawn, and even gets in the way of its own bishop.
1-0
1 86
Exercises
> Ex. 19-1 -(
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c
a b c
* �
d e f g h
d e f g h
a b c d e f g h
> Ex. 19-4-( * * �
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c d e f g h
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c d e f g h
a b c d e f g h
() �
>
i: ...
\.Q
C\ ...
�
�
� ><u
Exercises
> Ex. 19-7-(
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
a b c
> Ex. 19-8 -(
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c
* l:::.
d e f g h
* *
d e f g h
a b c d e f g h
8 7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c d e f g h
> Ex. 19-1 1 * 8
7 6 5 4 3 2
a b c d e f g h
a b c d e f g h
1 88
Solutions
Ex. 19-1 Ex. 19-5
Palma de Mallorca 1969 1 9 1 0
I.WleSt I!>h7 2.Wlxe6! fxe6 3.f7+- 1...lilfl 2J!xf2 ghl t! 3.l!>xhl gxf2-+
(1 point) (2 points)
1-0
Ex. 19-2 U.Bonsch - L.Psakhis
Trnava 1 988
l...gelt!
(1 point) White resigned, in view of 2.lilxel f2-+.
Ex. 19-3
Paris 1987
I.gaB!!
logcSt!! gxcS 2.b? gdc2 3.gaS +- is equally good (also 2 points).
However, if logc??, then l ...lte? (or 1 ...gd6 2.b? gxa6 3.gcSt Ite? 4.gxbS gb6) 2.b?
ItdS 3.gcBt gxcS 4.gaS gdc2.
1. .• gxaB
2.h7!+-With the idea of gcst next.
1-0
Ex. 19-4
USSR 1 969
(2 points)
I.lilxe6!! fxe6 2.Wlxf8t gxf8 3.gxf8t (2 points) 3 ... l!>g7
Or 3 ... ltxfB 4.c? and then 5.csWI.
4.c7+- (�5.cSWI) 1-0
0-1
Ex. 19-6
1964
1...tiJxd5t!
( 1 point) White resigned, on account of 2.exd5 e4!
3.fxe4 (if 3.lilc2 exf3 4.lilel , then 4 ... f2-+) 3 ... f3-+.
Ex. 19-7
Munster 1936
I.gg7t! i>xg7 2.a7±
(1 point) Ex. 19-B
Palma de Mallorca 1 966
1.
.
. WI xf3 t 2.1!>xf3White resigned, facing the prospect of 2 ... lile3!-+.
(2 points) Ex. 19-9
Polish Ch, Poznan 1 971
The game continuation was loc?t? Ita?
2.gxf6 �fB 3.gexfl �b? 4.lile5 gcBoo.
Instead of that, White should play:
l.8:dB!
(2 points) 1...ga7
l...gxdS 2.c?t+- or l ....ifS 2.gb?#.
Solutions
2J:�xa7 gxd8
Or 2 ... <;!?xa7 3.gxh8+-.
3.c7h-Ex. 19-10
Olot 1974 1. .. f4!
(2 points) This typical pawn breakthrough leads to the win of the game.
1 ...'itlg6?? would be wrong: 2. <it>e6 <it>g5 3.>!<f7 h4 (3 ... f4 4.gxf4t <it>f5 5.g3+-) 4.gxh4t
<it>xh4 5.g3t <it>h3 6.<it>f6 >!<g2 7.<it>xf5 <it>xf2 8.>!<f40+- (analysis by Y.Averbakh).
2.<it>d5
If 2.exf4, then 2 ... h4! 3.gxh4 g3-+. After 2.gxf4 there follows simply 2 ... h4-+.
2 ... h4! 3. <it>xe4
3.gxf4 h3-+ or 3.gxh4 g3 4.fxg3 fxe3-+.
3 ... f3!
3 ... h3?? 4.gxh3 gxh3 5.>!<f3+-4.gxf3 h3-+
0-1
•
1. .. Y*fxg4!!
Ex. 19-11
Variation from the game Minsk 1982
2.hxg4 h3-+
Ex. 19-12
Halle 1 883
1. .. ic3!
(1 point)
(1 point) Not the immediate l ..J'hf1 t? 2.Elxfl ic3, because of 3.<it>g2 e3 4.<it>f3 and the pawn is stopped. Black must first win a tern po by attacking the rook with his bishop!
2.gdl Elxfl t!
(2 points) 3J'lxfl e3-+
And all White can do is give up his rook for the e-pawn after 4.<it>g2 e2.
0-1
18 points and above-···u· · ··· ··�Excellent 1 5 points and above-·· ··· · ···· ·· ··� Good 1 1 points··· ··· ··· ···· ·· ·� Pass mark
If you scored less than
11points, we recommend that you read the chapter again and repeat the exercises which you got wrong.
1 90
5 4 3 2
5 4 3 2
Contents ../ A weak square ../ A weak point
../ Weak squares in the castled position
../ Exploiting the weaknesses
d f g h
20-2
d f g h