5.1 Estrategia experimental general
5.1.3 Definición operacional de las variables.
Conceptualizing the therapists’ contribution to the therapeutic relationship is an increasing focus in CBT. In this research project the psychometric properties of a measure identifying “therapist schema” (underlying beliefs about self as therapist which could affect therapy) are investigated. The measure shows potential as a user- friendly screen which could be used in ongoing clinical practice, supervision, and in training, to assist therapists’ uncover beliefs affecting the course of therapy.
Participants are required to the complete an on-line version of the Therapist Schema Questionnaire (Leahy, 2001). This will involve using a 6-point rating scale to endorse the strength of your belief in 46 common therapists’ assumptions about self-as- therapist. Time required should not exceed 5-10 minutes
If you would like to participate please contact Rebekah Phin, through supervisor email at [email protected], or by telephone on 09-4140800, extn 41223
Rebekah is completing her MA through the School of Psychology at Massey University in Albany, Auckland. Her supervisor is Dr Bev Haarhoff.
Appendix D
Email Requesting Research Participants
To whom it may concern,
My name is Rebekah Phin (BAHons in Psychology, PGDipCBT). I am conducting a study as research for my Masters Degree in Psychology at Massey University. My supervisors for this research are Drs Bev Haarhoff and Mei Williams from the School of Psychology, Massey University.
The purpose of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of Leahy’s (2001) Therapists’ Schema Questionnaire (TSQ). The TSQ is a useful screening measure to identify therapist schema which could affect the therapeutic relationship. This study involves each therapist briefly completing the Therapists’ Schema
questionnaire anonymously online for approximately 5 to 10min. I am inquiring into the process of using your mailing list/data base of
psychologists/therapists/counselors to use in this study. I would also be interested to put an advertisement in your next newsletter if possible. I look forward to hearing back from you soon.
Kind regards, Rebekah Phin
Appendix E
Therapist’s Schema Questionnaire: Leahy’s (2001) 46-Item
Instructions: Listed below are assumptions that a person might use to describe themselves as a therapist. Please think about your current clients you are seeing for therapy. For each assumption below, circle the number to the right in the “rating scale” to indicate the degree of your belief in the assumption. There are no right or wrong answers. Try to avoid giving answers that you think are desirable.
Rating Scale Assumptions Very untrue Somewhat Untrue Slightly untrue Slightly true Somewhat true Very true 1. I have to cure all my
patients.
1 2 3 4 5 6
2. I must always meet the highest standards.
1 2 3 4 5 6
3. My patients should do an excellent job.
1 2 3 4 5 6
4. We should never waste time. 1 2 3 4 5 6
5. I am entitled to be successful.
1 2 3 4 5 6
6. My patients should appreciate all that I do for them
1 2 3 4 5 6
7. I shouldn’t feel bored when doing therapy.
1 2 3 4 5 6
8. Patients try to humiliate me. 1 2 3 4 5 6
9. Conflicts are upsetting. 1 2 3 4 5 6
10. I shouldn’t raise issues that will bother the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
11. If my patient is bothered with therapy he or she might leave.
1 2 3 4 5 6
12. It’s upsetting when patients terminate.
1 2 3 4 5 6
13. I might end up with no patients.
1 2 3 4 5 6
14. I feel controlled by the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
15. My movements, feelings, or what I say are limited.
1 2 3 4 5 6
16. I should be able to do and say what I wish.
1 2 3 4 5 6
17. Sometimes I wonder if I will lose myself in the
relationship.
1 2 3 4 5 6
18. I have to control my surroundings or the people around me.
1 2 3 4 5 6
19. Some people are basically bad people.
1 2 3 4 5 6
20. People should be punished if they do wrong things.
1 2 3 4 5 6
22. The patient is trying to get to me.
1 2 3 4 5 6
23. I have to guard against being taken advantage of or hurt.
1 2 3 4 5 6
24. You usually can’t trust people.
1 2 3 4 5 6
25. I want to be liked by the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
26. If the patient isn’t happy with me, then it means I’m doing something wrong.
1 2 3 4 5 6
27. It’s important that I like the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
28. It bothers me if I don’t like the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
29. We should get along – almost like friends.
1 2 3 4 5 6
30. I want to withhold thoughts and feelings from the patient.
1 2 3 4 5 6
31. I don’t want to give them what they want.
1 2 3 4 5 6
32. I feel I am withdrawing emotionally during the session.
1 2 3 4 5 6
33. I feel I don’t know what to do.
1 2 3 4 5 6
34. I fear I’ll make mistakes. 1 2 3 4 5 6
35. I wonder if I’m really competent.
1 2 3 4 5 6
36. Sometimes I feel like giving up.
1 2 3 4 5 6
37. The patient is blocking me from achieving my goals.
1 2 3 4 5 6
38. I feel like I’m wasting time. 1 2 3 4 5 6
39. I should be able to achieve my goals in sessions without the patient’s interference.
1 2 3 4 5 6
40. I should meet the patients’ needs.
1 2 3 4 5 6
41. I should make them feel better.
1 2 3 4 5 6
42. The patients’ needs often take precedence over my needs.
1 2 3 4 5 6
43. I sometimes believe that I would do almost anything to meet their needs.
1 2 3 4 5 6
44. I feel frustrated with this patient because I can’t express the way I really feel.
1 2 3 4 5 6
45. I find it hard to suppress my feelings.
1 2 3 4 5 6
Appendix F
Therapist’s Schema Questionnaire: Leahy’s (2001) Guide
Schema Assumptions
Demanding standards
1. I have to cure all my patients.
2. I must always meet the highest standards. 3. My patients should do an excellent job. 4. We should never waste time.
Special, superior person
5. I am entitled to be successful.
6. My patients should appreciate all that I do for them 7. I shouldn’t feel bored when doing therapy.
8. Patients try to humiliate me.
Rejection-sensitive 9. Conflicts are upsetting.
10. I shouldn’t raise issues that will bother the patient.
Abandonment 11. If my patient is bothered with therapy he or she might leave. 12. It’s upsetting when patients terminate.
13. I might end up with no patients.
Autonomy 14. I feel controlled by the patient.
15. My movements, feelings, or what I say are limited. 16. I should be able to do and say what I wish.
17. Sometimes I wonder if I will lose myself in the relationship.
Control 18. I have to control my surroundings or the people around me.
Judgmental 19. Some people are basically bad people.
20. People should be punished if they do wrong things.
Persecution 21. I often feel provoked.
22. The patient is trying to get to me.
23. I have to guard against being taken advantage of or hurt. 24. You usually can’t trust people.
Need for approval 25. I want to be liked by the patient.
26. If the patient isn’t happy with me, then it means I’m doing something wrong.
Need to like others 27. It’s important that I like the patient. 28. It bothers me if I don’t like the patient. 29. We should get along – almost like friends.
Withholding 30. I want to withhold thoughts and feelings from the patient. 31. I don’t want to give them what they want.
32. I feel I am withdrawing emotionally during the session.
Helplessness 33. I feel I don’t know what to do.
34. I fear I’ll make mistakes. 35. I wonder if I’m really competent. 36. Sometimes I feel like giving up.
Goal inhibition 37. The patient is blocking me from achieving my goals. 38. I feel like I’m wasting time.
39. I should be able to achieve my goals in sessions without the patient’s interference.
Excessive 40. I should meet the patients’ needs.
self-sacrifice 41. I should make them feel better.
42. The patients’ needs often take precedence over my needs. 43. I sometimes believe that I would do almost anything to meet their
needs.
Emotional inhibition 44. I feel frustrated with this patient because I can’t express the way I really feel.
45. I find it hard to suppress my feelings. 46. I can’t be myself.
Appendix G
Early Maladaptive Schemas with Associated Schema Domains (Young, Klosko, & Weishaar, 2003)
Domain Early Maladaptive Schema Domain I – Disconnection and Rejection 1. Abandonment/Instability
2. Mistrust/Abuse 3. Emotional Deprivation 4. Defectiveness/Shame 5. Social Isolation/Alienation Domain II- Impaired Autonomy and
Performance
6. Dependence/Incompetence 7. Vulnerability to Harm or Illness 8. Enmeshment/Undeveloped Self 9. Failure