4. Métodos
4.1 Minería de datos sobre trayectorias
4.1.3 Definición variables
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he area of Genoa includes a number of research institutions and cen- ters that will shortly be briefly examined in detail and for their ability to develop in the future.The abilities recognized in the research institutes present in the Genoa area, and that in the scope and objectives of this project, may be furtherly improved, are as follows:
Ability for international excellence in scientific and technological research, especially in the fields of interest for sectors of reference;
Ability to link to international research centers and centers of innovation; Ability for teaching excellence.
What must clearly improve with respect to the current state of affairs are the following abilities:
Ability to create involvement and collaborations on an industrial level; Ability to attract activities of advanced research and innovation.
ticularly for high-tech small and medium-sized companies with the goal of creating a future vision that the present project is trying to make feasible over the next five and the next ten years.
This forecast would like to imagine a region that in the high-tech field is rich with transversal events and opportunities involving the present technologies and businesses and through which the vitality and dynamism is visible, in order to position Genoa on the leading edge of technological advancement and innovation.
In this framework it is to be considered very relevant the decision made by the Engineering School of the University of Genoa and the University to move the entire School, including the laboratories, to the Science Park at Erzelli, taking up a surface of about 85,000 square meters and thus becoming an es- sential strategic link not only for the development of the Science Park itself but also, above all, for the development of the University and the technologi- cal advancement of the region.
2.2 University of Genoa (Polytechnic School)
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he University of Genoa, with its Schools, Departments and Research Centers is present in all the sectors of reference indicated, and histori- cally has trained a majority of the engineers, physics professors, math- ematicians and technology experts who have contributed to developing high- tech in Genoa.In particular over the past few years, faced with a division and reorganiza- tion of education on the basis of the demand in the area and the job market, there has been an increase in the number of students registering in this field with respect to the slight decrease on a national level of university enroll- ments. The progress in enrollments is furthermore accompanied by a good ability to attract students from outside the region, which is estimated at 16%. In reference to the Engineering School for example, between 2006 and 2009, new enrollments were on average 1000 students per academic year, with 25% coming from outside the region and 6% coming from abroad. Between aca- demic years 2004/2005 and 2007/2008, on average 500 students per year were awarded the 3-year degree and about 230 per year the additional 2-year degree, and about just as many the 5-year degree or the specialization. For the aims of the current project, the research and development activities at the University of Genoa are of great importance both in its past and its future, in particular in the areas of Automation, Communication Technology, Robotics, Bioengineering, Naval Engineering, as well as in more basic areas (Architectures of Elaboration, Artificial Intelligence, Advanced Automation, Biotechnologies, Chemical Engineering).
In general, one of the strengths of Genoa’s university is research, confirmed by the excellence recognized on a national and international level. Genoa is
consistently ranked highly in the Italian university system, both for the scien- tific results achieved as well as for participation in national and international research projects, and is ranked among the top ten Italian universities as has been confirmed by the conclusive report of the Committee for Evaluation of Research (Comitato di Indirizzo per la Valutazione della Ricerca, CIVR), where many of the scientific areas figure in the top ranks of national and in- ternational evaluations (Ranking Web of World Universities, Academy Rank- ing of World Universities, Via Academy). In particular, among Engineering Schools, the University of Genoa’s faculty was ranked in the top five in Italy (see, for example, the CENSIS report of 2006 and of 2011) relative to pa- rameters linked to productivity, international relations and teaching and re- search.
Participation in the Seventh Framework Program for research and develop- ment of the European Union (2007-2013), the principal instrument for fi- nancing research on a European level, witnessed a positive trend in recent years.
The prestige and international reputation of the University are respectable and on the virtue of merit, relationships of collaboration with the world of business should be increased.
The move of the School of Engineering to the Science and Technology Park at Erzelli will allow for the first time in 70 years to have the School and its activities in a single location with avant-garde laboratories, allowing for an important synergy between the University and the territory, and a necessary structural planning needed to play a key role in the productive and techno- logical development and innovation of the entire region.
2.3 CNR and its centers/laboratories in the area of Genoa
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he Area of Research in Genoa was among the first provided for by the Charter of Services of the agency: in fact, it was founded in 1978. Originally it was created by bringing together three Institutes (the In- stitute for Electronic Circuits, the Institute for Naval Automation and the In- stitute for Teaching Technology). The National Council for Research, prior to the reform of 2001-2002 was present in Genoa with eight Institutes (all lo- cated in the Area) and five study centers (located at various university depart- ments) for a total of about two hundred workers who interface well with the University and industry research. The current structure of the Genoa-based CNR is made up of Local Operations Units, part of the following institutes on a national level:IBF - Institute of Biophysics •
IEIIT - Institute of Electronics and Engineering for Information and Tele- •
Institute of Applied Mathematics and Computer Technology •
ISMAC - Institute for the Study of Macromolecoles •
ISMAR - Institute of Marine Sciences •
ISSIA - Institute of Studies on Intelligence Systems for Automation •
ITD - Institute for Teaching Technology •
The function of the Area as a center of cultural attraction is evident with the presence of a large number of visiting scientists, researchers, research fellows and people writing theses, from private and public organizations in addition to researchers and teaching personnel from the University who attend the CNR laboratories to develop common research.
Without interfering with the autonomy of the research, which is a funda- mental characteristic, over the next ten years, such a high concentration of skills in the sectors of interest (as indicated by the current document) must be strictly linked with a scientific and technological local network, not only in moments of application and transfer of technology (after the fact), but also during moments of planning and programming of research projects and in- novation that involve the local area, with particular reference to collaborative projects between small and medium-sized businesses and big industries. This on the subject of product/service and process.
According to the current project, over the next decade both on the part of the local CNR, and on the part of Industry and local Agencies, it will be necessary to work together so that the existing link which is currently feeble can become a systematic and organic instrument in management of high-tech develop- ment in Genoa. To this end, CNR is studying a plan to transfer all its Genoa activity to the Science and Technology Park at Erzelli.
Finally, it should be emphasized that CNR has been a promoter of the Genoa “Festival of Science,” that has taken place annually over the past 6 years in the city, and which has become the biggest national event for the spread of science and technology.
2.4 The Italian Institute of Technology - IIT
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he Italian Institute of Technology, a foundation created by the Ministry of Economy and Finance and the Ministry of Education, University and Re- search, began its activity at the end of 2005. Its mission is to conduct avant- garde research in strategic sectors for the industrial development of Italy as well as the advancement of knowledge in the international scientific community. The headquarters of the IIT is in Genoa, in a 30,000 square-meter building where about 700 researchers work. The overall staff of the IIT is about 900 people from 34 coun- tries worldwide, and the average age is 34 years old. Of these, about 200 researchers work in 10 laboratories created across the nation which began in 2009 to reinforce the IIT’s activities in specific fields of technology, exploiting a synergy with other centers of excellence in research such as Turin, Milan, Trent, Parma, Pisa, Rome, Naples and Lecce. Starting from the very beginning, the Italian Institute of Technol- ogy followed a scientific plan with a strongly interdisciplinary approach based on the coordinated development of seven Technology Platforms that are complemen- tary: Robotics; Neuroscience; Discovery and development of pharmaceuticals and instruments of advanced diagnostics; Energy; Intelligent Materials; Environment, Health and Safety; and Computational. Overall, the activity of the IIT aims at devel- oping and spreading new scientific knowledge as well as reinforcing the competitive ability of the national technology system. In order to pursue this double objective, the IIT collaborates with research agencies and enterprises in Italy and abroad, thus fostering scientific development, pursuit of technological breakthroughs and high- level training in technology sectors. With the project goals in mind, the platforms of greatest potential impact are the followingRobotics
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IT is currently making a great effort to create a broad program on “hu- man” systems based on three principal research areas:1. humanoid robotics, with special attention to cognition;
2. studies on human behavior with special attention to perception and action;
3. man-machine communication and interaction with strong emphasis on technological and scientific progress in the bi-directional interface directed at the nervous system;
These areas of research will be carried out with the following objectives: to broaden knowledge and technology in the sector of artificial systems cre- ated with autonomous humanoid robots able to learn from experience and to interact naturally with men;
to investigate how to bring together robotics technology with biological sys- tems to improve the quality of life, especially of weak components of our so- ciety;
vanced man-machine systems and difficult environments, like in space; to study soft, functional anisotropic materials that imitate our skin, tendons and bones, but also the development of self-reparative and evolutive materi- als. By giving said materials adequate bio-compatible properties and func- tions, efficient interfaces can be made between biological systems and artifi- cial devices that allow the development of innovative prosthetic devices.