DEFINICIONES OPERACIONALES

Author of the Declaration of Independence Expert violinist

From VA

Author of the Kentucky Resolution

Secretary of State under George Washington Vice President under John Adams

Governor of Virginia

Served in the House of Burgesses Minister of France

In favor of states’ rights

Architect – designed University of Virginia – designed Monticello (on the back of the modern nickel), which he worked on from 25 years of age to his 80th year of age

Inventor Philosopher

Slave owner – owned 150 to 200 slaves during his lifetime Jefferson on…

Was a slave owner, but thought that slavery was morally wrong

Does not free his slaves upon his death except for the Hemmings’s family (had an adulterous affair with one of his slaves – Sally Hemmings)

2. Economics

Introduces a budget

Works to reduce the national debt Gets rid of the excise tax

Leaves the rest of Hamilton’s plan intact, surprisingly 3. Freedom of Speech

Allows the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire in 1801

Passes a new naturalization act – five years in the U.S. until citizenship In favor of freedom of speech

4. Judicial Branch

[1803] Marbury vs. Madison

Supreme Court rules that they have the final say whether a law is constitutional or not – “judicial review” – increases Supreme Court’s power

Jefferson disagrees with this – thought that the states should have this right to determine the constitutionality of laws

5. Military

Does not like the large standing army Reduces the Army to 2 500

War with the Barbary Pirates

The Barbary pirates from the Barbary States from North Africa (Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli) Made their living through piracy

Many countries gave “protection money” to the Barbary States to keep their ships and men safe [1801] the Pasha (rule) of Tripoli demands more money from the U.S.

Jefferson refuses to pay – Pasha chops down flagpole of U.S. = WAR [1801-1805] U.S. engages in war against the Barbary Pirates

Stephen Decanter frees prisoners and explodes the ship [1805] U.S. and Tripoli sign a peace agreement

[By 1830] all of the Barbary States sign a peace agreement Significance:

Gives U.S. navy more experience – had success Gives U.S. navy confidence and a reputation Gives U.S. some respect from the rest of the world The U.S. begins to enter world affairs

Louisiana Purchase

[1801] Napoleon convinces the king of Spain to sign the Treaty of San Ildefonso -gives the area of Louisiana (west of Mississippi) back to France

[1830] Thomas Jefferson and James Madison send Robert Livingston and James Monroe to France to negotiate the sale of New Orleans

Supposed to offer no more than $10 million for New Orleans At the same time…Napoleon has problems

1. Santo Domingo (Saint Dominique) in Haiti

[1792] Toussaint L’Overture leads rebellion on island and takes control by 1801 [1802] Napoleon sends 20 000 soldiers on the island

2. France about to go to war with Great Britain -Napoleon needs money

So – Napoleon decides to sell Louisiana

[April 30, 1803] France agrees to sell all of Louisiana for $15 million

Jefferson decides the benefits of owning the land outweigh the constitutional technicalities (loose constructionalist idea)

Submits Louisiana Purchase Treaty to Congress – approves the sale on December of 1803 The only opposition to the Louisiana Purchase came from the Federalists – fear of decreasing power

U.S. just doubled its size – added about 800 000 square miles of land – comes to about 3¢-4¢ per acre – one of the greatest bargains in history

To explore the land – send Lewis and Clark “The Corps of Discovery” (Lewis and Clark expedition)

Locate Native American tribes

Creates a very accurate map of Louisiana Discovered various routes

Discovered species of plants and animals Opens area to settlement

*Zebulon Pike (explorer) – explored southern Louisiana

The Duel

-By the early 1800s, the Federalist power was only found in the Northeast

-Some Federalists (upset by loss of power) want to split the union and have the northeast to leave the union to save the power

tell this plan to Alexander Hamilton (head of the Federalists) Hamilton is disgusted

Aaron Burr goes along with the plan and decides to run for governor of NY -wants to win NY

-have NY to be part in the north east secession

Hamilton turns against Burr and begins writing articles and essays against him -Burr is so outraged; he challenges Hamilton to a duel

-Hamilton accepted

[July 11, 1804] Burr and Hamilton meet in Weehawken, NJ

Hamilton is quicker, but shoots over Burr’s head – did he mean to miss? The next shot is from Burr

[July 12, 1804] Hamilton dies of a gunshot wound to his stomach Burr destroys his political image/career

Burr flees out west Hated by the public

Was arrested but was found not guilty for trying to sell the West Returns to NY and continues to practice law until his death Federalist Party dies a slow death

Thomas Jefferson’s accomplishments in his first term: 1. Louisiana Purchase

2. War with the Barbary Pirates – brings respect to the U.S. 3. Doubles foreign trade

4. Lowers national debt by $25 million

6. People are quickly populating the western side of the Mississippi River Adding more states

17 states by 1803 adding more territories

Slave state? Free State? -becomes a growing problem

Election of 1804

Thomas Jefferson is easily re-elected There were only 14 votes against him