Del objetivo específico 1

1. Workshop

2. Tables and Chairs 3. Computers

4. LCD

5. Different types of Memory

6. Different types of Storage Devices 7. Paper

8. Pencil/Ballpen

Materials

Carry out mensuration and calculation

LEARNING OUTCOME 2

1. Calculation needed to complete work tasks is performed using the four fundamentals operations (addition, subtractions, multiplication and division).

2. Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for accuracy.

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 42 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education

Direction. Perform the following:

1) Convert 14 to binary.

2) If a 10 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder, then approximately how many files can be stored in that folder?

DIGITAL REPRESENTATION

Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the smallest piece of data.

Humans interpret words and pictures; computers interpret only patterns of bits.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively.

Computers use binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly used code is the American Standard Code for Information

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

What Do You Already Know?

What Do You Need To Know?

Information Sheet 2.1 Pretest LO 2

Let us determine how much you already know about carrying out mensuration and calculation. Take this test.

Read the Information Sheet 2.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and how much you learned by doing Self-check 2.1.

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 43 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education

Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each character is represented by a string of bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001 Number: 9 = 00001001

Special character: # = 00100011

Each group of eight bits, such as the representations of letters and numbers, is known as a byte. Codes can be used to represent almost any type of information digitally: computer data, graphics, photos, voice, video , and music.

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary equivalent.

Example: 25

Quotient Remainder

25/2 12 1

12/2 6 0

6/2 3 0

3/2 1 1

1/2 0 1

25 = 11001

Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier 16 8 4 2 1 equivalents 16 8 0 0 1 results 16+8+1 = 25

CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital storage is the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity.

When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 44 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education

One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact number is gained by taking 2^n power.

In general, when something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or more.

Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or storage capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include: random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players.

CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc.

Once we know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For example:

A file is 20 KB in size 1 KB = 1,024 Bytes

20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file

If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 45 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education

Direction: Convert the decimal numbers shown below to binary. Perform checking to verify answers.

1) 19

2) 28

3) 37

Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.

1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?

2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?

3. How many 750 MB avi files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?

Refer to the Answer Key. What is your score?

Show that you learned something by doing this activity.

How Much Have You Learned?

Operation Sheet 2.1 Self-Check 2.1

How Do You Apply What You Have Learned?

COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 46 K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education

Find out by accomplishing the Scoring Rubric honestly and sincerely.

Remember it is your learning at stake!

How Well Did You Perform?

LO1

 Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

 Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

 en.wikipedia.org LO 2

 Ron Gilster, PC Repair Bench Book., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

 Barry Press, Marcia Press, PC Upgrade and Repair Bible, Desktop Edition., Wiley Publishing Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard, Indianapolis, IN 46256

 en.wikipedia.org

REFERENCES

Interpretation of Scores 3 – Excellent

2 – Good 1 – Fair 0 – Poor