It is recommended to use the same methodology to establish an empathetic relationship with the actors in the architectural design of the obtained requirements. Although, according to Dr. Akama, there are different phases of interaction (the user experience [UX], the co-design, and transformational or sustainable design), each depends on the role
Survey
Empirical Category Subcategory Observable No. Items Multiple options
0
Ocupation
1 What is your role in (community)?
2 What kind of activities do you participate in?
3 How many times a month do you attend an event organized by (community)? None, rarely, once a month, several times a month, daily 4 How many minutes does he drive to (community)? 5min, 10min, 15min, 20min, 30min, 1hr, over an hour
5 What places within your community are important? Context Locations
6 What spaces or constructions do you associate with these places? Buildings Locations
7 What activities do you associate with these spaces? Activities Main topic
Duration date/hours/updates
Influx
Number of posts, comments, participation.
Name generator (+)Strength 8In the last three months, what space have been the most relevant within yourcommunity? Relationship type - 9
Frecuency 10 During the last month, how many times have you visited, briefly, this space? None, rarely, once a month, several times a month, daily Duration 11Since when do you use the (space 1)? Less than 3 years, 3 to 6 years, more than 6 years
Commitement level 12 During the last month, what has been the space you have used the most? And why? Name generator (+)Strength 13In the last three months, what activity has been the most popular within yourcommunity? Relationship type - 14 Where does this activity take place?
Frecuency 15 During the past month, how many times have you participated, briefly, in this activity? None, rarely, once a month, several times a month, daily Duration 16 Since when is the activity (activity 1) performed? Less than 3 years, 3 to 6 years, more than 6 years
Commitement level 17 During the last month, what has been the activity that most interested you? And why?
Name generator (-)Strength
18 In the last three months, what space has been the least used within your community? Tipo de relación - 19 What kind of activities is done?
Frecuency 20 During the last month, how many times have you visited this space, briefly? None, rarely, once a month, several times a month, daily Duration 21Since when do you use the (space 1)? Less than 3 years, 3 to 6 years, more than 6 years
Commitement level 22 During the last month, what has been the space you have used the less? And why?
Generador de nombres (-)Strength 23
In the last three months, what activity has been the less popular within your community?
Tipo de relación - 24 Where does this activity take place?
Frecuency 25 During the past month, how many times have you participated, briefly, in this activity? None, rarely, once a month, several times a month, daily Duration 26 Since when is the activity (activity 1) performed? Less than 3 years, 3 to 6 years, more than 6 years
Commitement level 27 During the last month, what has been the activity that less interested you? And why?
28-29 How would you rate the following characteristics of (space 1 /) with (major-minor) use segragation
atractive design Can be used in different ways security Access adapts to the different motor needs of people confort Meets user intuition
privacy The accomplishment of the different activities funcionality interactions with the environment habitability signification Environmental control
Security elements Minimizes continuous physical exertion Provides a wide field of view of the important elements Allows the reach of all components comfortably Facilitates the use of technical aids or personal assistance
30 Do you think that the space determined for the activities with the largest forum are the proper ? 31 What would you change about space?
New space requirements
32 Do you think that the space determined for the activities with the minor forum are the proper ? 33 What would you change about space?
Events-Rituals
Apply this instrument after making the observation guide. It is possible to preside over the generators of actors if one already has a record of the main actors and if it is not sought to analyze the personal relations within the community. Generators of spaces and events can be reduced to a minimum of 1, (33 questions) or extended up to 5 max. (59 questions).
Actors
Demographic profileName, nacionality, age,sex
PHASE 03
(Confirmation)
Actors - Practice
Cultural activities, interest and proximity
with the community
Sceneries
Objects
Vinculos
Objects
Scolarity and current occupation otside and inside the community
Practice Architectural program Actors - Practice links
Actors - Object
Introductory greeting: If this survey has come to you, it is because you have a close relationship with (community) and your name has come out frequently in our first study. This project aims to analyze (community) in a dynamic way. Studying the relationships between places, inhabitants and architectural objects, through the events they perform as a community. This research is done for (purposes). I thank you in advance for your participation, which is of vital importance for this research. The survey consists of (num) questions which you can perform in a maximum time ( min.). All results will be confidential and used only for (purpose), which you can consult at Web (link). If you want to know more about the investigation or you have doubts and comments write us to (email).
links Actors - Object
links Life style
of the user in the design process. While the UX marks an interest in how the user will experience the designed object, it fails to influence in any way the decisions of other actors and disfavors their interests and values. The interaction between both lay and expert knowledge may continue in order to give place to a "shared meaning construction" between the people and the spaces that are being designed. That is, the user must "intervene in the set of power relations" in order achieves the different objectives and purposes of the community (Castells, 2009, p. 45).
Instead of seeking the relationship by disciplines, connection between knowledge types (lay and expert) should be seek, being this same connection between knowledge and expert disciplines the one which will create more effective approaches. Now a days knowledge types tend to be increasingly interdisciplinary, such as quantum physics or geopolitics. But instead of focusing on comprehensive disciplines, focus passed to specific knowledge, greater freedom could be achieved when generating research, keeping the action as guiding axis, avoiding, at all costs, to fall into utopian concepts. In order to lay the groundwork for what could be the trans-knowledge, all of the transdiciplinary manifest items collected in the book "Transdisciplinarity" of Nicolescu, Basarab would need to be known (Nicolescu, 1994).
This proposed sustainable design is mixed with "transdiciplinary design, transformational design, participatory design and innovative social design" (Burry, 2013, Manzini, 2010; Sanders & Stappers, 2008; Sangiorgi, 2011; Steiner & Posch, 2006 Akama et al., 2014, p. 2).
Sustainability, as proposed in this context, should include the interactions between "social, political, economic, environmental, technological, and spiritual spheres," thus raising awareness of how everyday life is related to the world (Fry, 2009; Ingold & Gatt, 2013; Walker, 2006 Akama et al., 2014, p. 5).
727
Figure 12 Dr. Yoko Akama’s diagram of the six spheres of sustainability from Designing Future Designers: A Propositional Framework for Teaching (2015, p.5)
This "diagram" can be use both at the starting time of the project and to analyze its results in the community. Thus, the architect begins to resemble a sociologist or anthropologist who is "tracking, mapping, describing and connecting the 'controversies,' languages, interests, discourses of subjects and scenes involved" (De Grande, 2013, p. 15).
Recommendations
Both approaches, design and anthropology, take up the "do" from speculation, thus creating prototypes and testing as if in an "urban lab" (Pink & Akama, 2014, p. 51). However, this “laboratory” lacks structure and continuity; that is, the need to generate shared concepts that complement both disciplines. These two anthropological
interpretations are similar in the sense that it is possible to start a paradigm shift in terms of what architecture can offer, as both can rethink big data and technological affordances from an anthropological perspective. "A medium that makes it possible to reach more people should not ignore the most appropriate sampling procedures" (Couper, 2000 in Rodríguez & González, 2014, p. 163). Thus, "datafication" is born, which is helpful to understand the cultural space through a new interpretation of habitus5 (Curran, 2013, p.
64).
5 The concept of habitus is one of Pierre Bourdieu’s fundamental contributions to sociology and one
of the key terms of his theoretical construction. However, he did not invent this concept. It dates back to Aristotle who said habitus was the Latin translation that Aquino and Boethius gave to the Aristotelian concept of hexis. For these authors, habitus plays a key role as an intermediate term
The relationship between "social media data" and the phenomenon of Big Data can be used to study the behavior of society in real time, without the need for invasive work (Casteleyn, Mottart, & Rutten, 2009 & Murthy, 2008 in Canhoto & Padmanabhanb, 2015, p. 1141). Taking our online activities (e.g., posts, tweets, and purchases) to understand our tastes and interests. As well as ethical questions about the use of the world´s personal data, - dreams, ideas, pictures and emotions. Extracting massive information from individual practices through different platforms, especially the social media where we can analize every day patterns, likes and dislikes.
However, in the right hands, these data banks can be of great help, instead of been use for capitalist ends. Although today access to social network algorithms is limited for
researchers and there is still discussion about this massive methods in different fields. This has been raised attention by journalists, academics, and industry professionals, as well as many researchers6, who have written essays about the limitations of Big Data (Curran,
2013, p. 69). These critics must be taken into account when investigating how to improve the credibility of qualitative study and knowing the limitations of digital interaction.
Ethical issues
Other concepts that can provide this feedback, such as public and private space, which can, in turn, influence both ethnographic field research and architectural design. Public and private (offline and online) spaces are generated through practice and activities that are often formed by "multiple orders of value and groups of people often parallel to each other" (Ignacio & Bender, 2010, p. 19). Their differences are based on the availability of each, and although it seems that cyberspace is an entirely public place, many of the interactions that occur are private in nature (Walstrom in García, Standlee, Bechkoff, & Yan Cui, 2009, p. 74). Therefore, it is necessary to rethink these ethical issues in order to avoid seeing the subject as dehumanized data. This should be done in order to counter personal narcissism, which influences “the absence of the sense of community in contemporary life" (Nesbitt, 1995, p. 72).
between the act and the power. On the other one hand, through the habitus, the potentiality that is generically ascribed to beings in a particular ability to perform actions is transformed. On the other hand, between the outer and inner, habitus explains the internalization of the external, thus linking the past to the present story updates. This problematic would be developed in our [XX] century, mainly due to the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and Husserl, which already provides a systematic theorizing that is always in terms of perception and individual action. Such concepts provide an analysis of perception and individual action that was taken up by Bourdieu. On the other hand, the concept is also found in the work of some classical sociologists, such as Durkheim, Mauss, and Weber who use it without defining or theorizing it. Other authors, such as Mannheim, uses "stratification of experience,” which is very similar in its theoretical function. However, it is in Bourdieu where habitus receives both a systematic and sociological formulation. Bourdieu explicitly proposes the habitus as a concept that serves to overcome the opposition between "objectivism" and "subjectivism." The "objectivist" theories explain social practices as determined by the social structure, meaning the subjects would have no role and would be a mere "carrier" of the structure of relationships. In turn, "subjectivist" theories take the opposite approach, as they explain social actions as the aggregation of individual actions. Román Reyes (Dir): Critical Dictionary of Social
6 Such as Bell (The Lies of Big Data), Crawford (Big Data, Big Questions, 2014), and Boyd (Six
729
Thus, an ethically led project can generate close ties among all involved where "the researchers act as hosts" (Derrida, 2000 in James & Busher, 2013, p. 203) from the outset by clarifying the rules of engagement between participants (James and Busher 2009 in James & Busher, 2013, p. 204). This practice should be understood as "an interrelated set of bodily and material provisions" that is "organized around shared understandings" (Schatzki, 1996 in Ardèvol, 2013, p. 14). This allows the researcher to "avoid
methodological individualism and to overcome sociological determinism" and to "put research in the field of everyday life" (Ardèvol, 2013, p. 14).