The use of paper and other porous media for collection of analytical samples is a powerful tool, but one which typically requires additional sample processing steps to enable mass spectrometric analysis. Nib-based electrospray ionization represents an alternative technique analogous to paper spray ionization, allowing the analyte to be directly eluted from the substrate and ionized by electrospray without additional sample handling or preparation. NibESI eliminates the substrate geometry requirements of paper spray ionization by
generating an electrospray from the tip of a sharp metal nib, on which the sample is placed (no need for the paper to be cut to a sharp point). This enables the use of sampling media that would otherwise be difficult to work with. This work has demonstrated nibESI as an
analytical technique for samples collected on Noviplex cards, but it is expected to be amenable to use with other media, such as fiber-based swabs, punches from paper cards, or small fabric samples. Like paper spray or extraction spray, nibESI may be coupled to most mass spectrometers with a suitable atmospheric pressure inlet system. NibESI has been demonstrated in qualitative and semi-quantitative applications, and is expected to be suitable for most analytes compatible with paper spray ionization. This technique presents a viable alternative for rapid analysis of samples collected on porous media when a rapid and low- preparation method is desirable, especially if the geometry of the sampling media is incompatible with paper spray or extraction spray.
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CHAPTER 7: FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR PAPER-BASED SAMPLING WITH