Derechos, género y generación 5.5.1.1 Datos Básicos del Nivel 2

According to reports in several Denver, Colorado, newspapers, during the night of September 30, 1998, dozens of people, including a number of young children, suddenly disappeared from Denver. Most of the missing adults had been well educated and financially secure (one person even a millionaire). Authorities later discovered that in the months before their disappearance, the missing people had been quietly selling their houses, cars, and other possessions.

Denver authorities learned that all the missing people were members of a group called Concerned Christians, a very tight-knit cult led by a man named Monte Kim Miller who, interestingly enough, until just a few years before had been a crusader preaching against the danger of cults. Miller had formed Concerned Christians in the 1980s as an attempt to combat the evil of both cults and the New Age movement. However, in the mid-1990s, Miller, for some unknown reason, did an about-face and formed his own cult. Like most cult leaders, Miller maintained extremely tight control over every aspect of cult members’ lives and expected unquestioned obe-dience from them.

“Kim Miller has total control over their minds,” said the father of two cult members.¹Others report that Miller’s control is so absolute that cult members must ask him what to wear each day.

There is, of course, always a dark side to this much control. “He has the potential to turn very dangerous,” said Mark Roggeman, a Denver police officer and specialist in cults. “His followers do whatever he says, and if they disobey him he can turn very angry.”²Miller’s control is reported to be so absolute that one cult member allegedly told her daughter that if

Miller told her to shoot her, she would. The family of one cult member went to court to stop any more transfers of money or property to Miller, claiming that Miller was defrauding members.

As previously mentioned, though Miller started out as an anticult cru-sader, educating people in the Denver area about the danger of cults, peo-ple who had been close to him said that in the mid-1990s, Miller began to act strangely—for example, claiming that God occasionally possessed his body and spoke through him. At an October 1996 meeting with several people who were becoming increasingly disturbed about Miller’s control of the members of Concerned Christians, Miller reportedly pretended to go into a trance and then said in a loud, booming voice, “I am the Lord your God! I know you are here to deceive me, and you need to bow down to me, and if you don’t, you will die!”³

While the individuals at this meeting were more stunned than con-vinced by Miller’s actions that God spoke through him, cult members took his words very seriously. “They just sincerely believe that it’s the Lord speaking,” said Rachel Powell, a friend of one of the cult members,

“and they don’t want to disobey God—that’s how seriously they take it.”⁴ Miller also decreed to his followers that he is one of the “witnesses” told about in chapter 11 of the book of Revelation. According to the families of cult members, Miller stated that he was destined to die in the streets of Jerusalem during the last days of 1999 and three days later would arise

from the dead, as foretold in the Bible. Miller, however, also prophesied that an earthquake would destroy Denver on October 10, 1998, and this was the reason the members of Concerned Christians quickly left the Den-ver area on September 30. At the time of the cult members’ disappearance, the authorities suspected they had likely gone to Israel to fulfill Miller’s prophecy about his death and resurrection.

As far back as September 1996, Miller had told a local television station,

“Jesus Christ died on the cross and we have a duty to die. The Lord’s judg-ment has been with the Earth for 2,000 years and now judgjudg-ment is ready to begin.”⁵

Bill Honsberger, a Colorado evangelist who knew Miller before he became a cult leader, said that Miller preached that his followers “must take up the cross and be willing to die for God.” Honsberger added, “But you stand up for God by being loyal to him. It’s the same mentality as Jones [cult leader Jim Jones, who persuaded 913 people to commit suicide in Guyana in 1978], but the manipulation is even more glaring. He has incredible control.”⁶

Professor Richard Landes, director of the Center for Millennial Studies at Boston University, called Miller “a classic case of millennial megaloma-nia.”⁷

After the group’s disappearance in September 1998, reporters checking Miller’s home in Denver found it vacant with newspapers stacked up on

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the porch. His leaving the Denver area didn’t really surprise authorities, though. The previous year, Miller and his wife had declared bankruptcy, listing among their debts more than $100,000 in back taxes and several thousand dollars owed to Christian radio stations that had aired his mes-sages.

For the families of cult members, however, the biggest fear was not what had happened to Miller but what would happen to the cult bers. “My fear is that like Jim Jones and David Koresh, his litmus test for his followers is that they sacrifice themselves for him, for his ego more than anything else,” said the father of one of the cult members.⁸A sister of one of the cult members talked to her sister on the telephone a week after the cult had disappeared from Denver. “She said she couldn’t tell us what they were doing and that I was asking too many questions,” the sister said.⁹ Nicolette Weaver, a young girl who had been a member of Con-cerned Christians for 10 years but dropped out when Miller began acting strangely, said that her mother, who was still in the cult, told her not to call anymore because she was not spiritually enlightened.

The earlier stated belief that the cult had likely gone to Israel eventually proved true. On January 3, 1999, after raiding two expensive homes the cult had rented in Jerusalem, Israeli authorities arrested 14 members of the cult, 8 adults and 6 children. Israeli police officials stated they had infor-mation that Concerned Christians had planned to commit violent acts on the streets of Jerusalem in late 1999 in their belief that it would hasten the return of Jesus. The police, however, didn’t find Monte Kim Miller among this group.

“They planned to carry out violent and extreme acts on the streets of Jerusalem at the end of 1999 to start the process of bringing Jesus back to

life,” said Brigadier General Elihu Ben-Onn, an Israeli national police spokesman.¹⁰ Reportedly, cult members had planned to open fire on the Israeli police. The Bible, in the book of Revelation, proclaims that a war will erupt in the “end times,” and authorities believe the cult apparently wanted to provoke this war.

The authorities eventually deported the 14 cult members back to Den-ver, Colorado, even though cult members had requested that they be sent to Greece because they believed the United States would be destroyed soon. The whereabouts of Monte Kim Miller and the other members of the cult were unknown at this time, though rumor placed Miller in London.

Cult experts like Professor Richard Landes didn’t expect the cult to simply give up on their millennial plans because of this setback but believed that it would probably make members believe even more devoutly in Miller and his prophecies.

“This could just make them more dependent on their leader, make him up the ante, and spiral into more paranoia and potential violence,” Landes said.¹¹

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Experts also didn’t expect the cult to disband because of this setback.

“What keeps a cultic group together is maintaining an ‘us vs. them’

mentality,” said Janja Lalich of the Cult Recovery and Information Center.

“What could do more to convince you the world is out to get you than having the Israeli police raid your house?”¹²

In February 1999, reporters discovered at least 30 members of Con-cerned Christians living in villas in the resort town of Rafina on the Aegean Sea in Greece. Most of the cult members who had been deported from Israel to the United States in January 1999 were believed to then be living in Rafina. In December 1999, Greek police began rounding up the cult members, most of whom had expired resident permits. Neighbors of the cult had complained that the members had been preaching to every-one they met that the world would end soon. The Greek government quickly deported the detained cult members back to New York.

December 31, 1999, became January 1, 2000, under relatively calm con-ditions. The world didn’t end, Jesus didn’t reappear, and Monte Kim Miller didn’t die in the streets of Jerusalem in order to be resurrected three days later.

Of course, the first question most readers will ask is, Why should we be concerned about millennial cults? The new millennium is here and noth-ing earthshaknoth-ing has happened. Didn’t all these cults just disappear? I have asked this question of many cult experts, and they all say the same thing: No, the millennial cults haven’t disappeared. These experts also warn that the reason we should still be concerned about millennial cults is because many of them have resurfaced, sometimes with new names, sometimes as the same cult, but usually with a new date for the end of the world. Most important, though, is that their doomsday philosophies always carry with them the threat of death to their members and others, as I will show in an incident later in this chapter.

As I stated, cult experts I spoke with told me that most millennial cults haven’t disappeared. True to these experts’ predictions, I found that bers of Concerned Christians and their leader, Monte Kim Miller, didn’t simply pack up and go home when the millennium passed and none of Miller’s predictions came true. Instead, the membership of the cult has stayed together and is still a very cohesive group.

In May 2001, Miller, silent since his failed millennial end-of-the-world prophecy, spoke out on the cult’s Web site. On it, he claimed that he never prophesied the destruction of Denver in an earthquake, even though this was the reason most cult members sold their homes and businesses and then quickly left the city. Miller used the Web site to state his position in the world: “I am the prophet of the Lord, the direct spokesman for the Lord.”¹³

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In early February of 2002, Miller again posted a message on the group’s Web site, now giving, as the cult experts had told me he likely would, a new prediction for the end of the world. “I am the prophet of the last days,” Miller wrote, “and on February 15, 2002, the 777th day of God’s 7th millennium with fallen man, I am the ‘heaven on earth’ manifestation of the sounding of the Seventh Angel, warning you of the Lord’s intentions that the kingdoms of this world are to become the kingdoms of the Lord Jesus Christ.”¹⁴

Of course, the deadline has passed for this last prediction and still noth-ing earthshaknoth-ing has occurred. What will happen next with this cult? “He is so controlling, they would do anything he said,” said Nicolette Weaver.

“He has been prophesying the end of the world for so long. When it doesn’t happen, he will have to find some way for their world to end.”¹⁵ In July 2002, I contacted Denver police officer Mark Roggeman, who has tracked the Concerned Christians cult for many years. I asked him if he believes Miller is dangerous and what he felt Miller’s next move would be

now that all his prophecies have failed to come true.

“Whether he is dangerous or not is the million dollar question,” Officer Roggeman told me. “Somehow he has to spin his prophecies to make it appear to his followers that he did not make a mistake. Considering the fact that his followers sold everything they had and quit their jobs believ-ing Miller about the end of the world, it concerns me that they are still fol-lowing him without question.”¹⁶

Hal Mansfield of the Religious Movement Resource Center said about Miller, “The problem here is Miller has become more isolated. He bly started believing his own PR. I think he’s so far out there it’s ble to gauge what will happen now.”¹⁷

Millennial cult leaders, however, aren’t the only ones trying to find a new spin for previously made prophecies of doom. When January 1, 2000, came around without significant changes to the world, many noncult doom forecasters began trying to soften the predictions they had made pre-2000.

“We regret having talked about it,” said Jerry Jenkins, one of the authors of the hugely successful Left Behind book series.¹⁸

Reverend Jerry Falwell, who in 1999 had reportedly predicted doom in the new millennium, told a reporter for the Washington Post, “I don’t antic-ipate any major problems.”¹⁹

“The end times people are backing down,” says author Damian Thompson, who wrote a book about modern doomsday groups. “They’re extremely nervous about having December 31st, 1999, pinned on them forever.”²⁰

Some noncult millennium doom forecasters, however, didn’t try to soften their warnings when January 1, 2000, appeared and the world

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didn’t end. Some of these people simply came up with new dates. Robert

“Bobby Bible” Engel of California had raised considerable commotion around the Chapel of the Ascension in Jerusalem in 1999 as he preached millennium doom while wearing a long flowing robe. When questioned by a reporter in January 2000, he said, “Now we’re looking at the Jewish New Year, which on our calendar is September 30th. You know, if we keep guessing like this, we’re eventually going to get it right.”²¹

In his book A.D. 1000: Living on the Brink of Apocalypse, Richard Erdoes states that at the end of the first millennium, many Christians “knelt bling in their churches, waiting for the last trumpet to sound.”²²During the

previous year, he reports, numerous believers had sold all their belongings to finance a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, where they expected the Last Judg-ment to occur. When the year 999 began, people started to worry. Debts were forgiven, old grudges were forgotten, and people began to prepare for huge events to occur. Of course, nothing huge on the cosmic scale hap-pened in 1000, and soon life soon returned to normal.

Over his throne in Jonestown, cult leader Jim Jones had hung a sign that read, “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.”

These words, penned by philosopher George Santayana, were unfortu-nately the basis for the formation of a large number of millennial cults in the last decade of the twentieth century. Despite what happened, or rather didn’t happen, in the year 1000, the individuals belonging to millennial cults still believed that the year 2000 would bring with it the certainty of huge and very ominous changes for mankind.

“Millennial thinking is preoccupied with an arbitrary number of zeros on the cosmic odometer,” says E.C. Krupp in an article in Sky & Telescope magazine, “and those who engage in it sense danger in round numbers.”²³

Much as the people in 999 did, a large number of people in 1999 migrated to Jerusalem in the belief that it would be the epicenter of mil-lennial events. Many of these people settled around the Mount of Olives, where the Bible tells us Jesus ascended to Heaven and where He was expected to return in 2000. As might be expected, many of these people said that God had spoken to them and told them to come to the Mount of Olives to await Jesus’s return.

“Time is short,” said Brother David, one of the pilgrims who in 1999 also said God had told him to come to the Mount of Olives. “We see the signs.

A lot of people have been asking us how close we are to the end. We are that close. And God is challenging us as believers. We are not to waste our time.”²⁴ Fearing that these individuals would possibly perpetrate violent acts in the belief that it would hasten the end times, Israeli police rounded up and deported, in addition to the Concerned Christians, several dozen other millennium doom predictors in late 1999.

Most of the millennial cults that sprang up in the last decade of the twentieth century took the prophecies given in Revelation as the basis for

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their belief that something momentous would happen in the year 2000.

However, the book of Revelation is written in such cryptic language that millennial cult leaders were able to make the words fit any prophecy or belief system they wanted.

“Because of its highly cryptic language,” says Philip Lamy in his book Millennium Rage, “Revelation has no single, indisputable meaning, and its ambiguity has left it open to numerous interpretations, imbuing it with the power and persistence of myth.”²⁵

An article in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Star Tribune adds this about the book of Revelation: “Another reason for the prophecies’ endurance and potency is that they are endlessly adaptable. The Mantle of the Beast has been hung on everyone from the Pope to Hitler to Henry Kissinger. Until the collapse of the Soviet Union, the evil empire served to personify the Anti-Christ; Saddam Hussein filled in for a while, as did radical Islamic clerics.”

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To make the book of Revelation fit their personal prophecies and belief system, all millennial cult leaders had to do was insert current events into the language, and then to the cult’s members this seemed to be divine proof that the cult leader was right. “Prophetic popularizers are always inserting current events into an archaic belief system,” says Paul Boyer, professor of history at the University of Wisconsin. “They insist that at this moment all of the jigsaw puzzle pieces are falling into place.”²⁷

Besides Christian interpretations that the year 2000 would bring with it something world-shaking, a number of other groups and individuals also saw 2000 as a turning point in human history. The Japanese group Sukyo Mahikari predicted that mankind would be annihilated by fire in 2000, Edgar Cayce predicted that the earth’s axis would shift, students of Nos-tradamus forecast an assortment of catastrophes, Philip Berg of the balah Learning Center reportedly predicted that a great ball of fire would

hit the earth, and on and on.²⁸

hit the earth, and on and on.²⁸