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14.1 General Installation Requirements

14.1.1 “Ducted Method” installation of Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) shall be followed for “Intra-Facility” OFC routes.

14.1.2 “Direct Buried” installation of OFC shall be adopted for long distance “Inter-Facility” OFC routes, unless otherwise specified in the project document. 14.1.3 Where “Ducted Method” of installation is specified in the project document for

long distance “Inter-Facility” OFC routes, the type of main duct to be used shall be as specified in Sub-Clauses 13.1 and 13.2 of this RP.

14.1.4 The installation of OFC inside buildings (Indoor) shall always be carried out on cable trays using sub-ducts (Orange colour) provided for each cable.

14.1.5 OFC type shall be selected depending on the method of installation. For more details on OFC to be used for KOC applications, KOC-T-006 “KOC Standard for Optical Fibre Cables” shall be referred.

14.1.6 Installation of OFCs in various routes shall fully comply with the details mentioned in this Recommended Practice. If any major obstacles / hindrances are encountered during installation of OFC, it shall be brought to the notice of KOC Controlling Team / CITG for evaluation and resolution before proceeding with the installation works.

14.1.7 Trenches of OFCs shall be physically separated from that for pipelines or any other structures / Services. The OFCs shall be installed at a horizontal distance of Five (5) metres from the closest edge of the nearest pipeline / structures / Services, unless otherwise approved by KOC Controlling Team / CITG based on proper justifications.

14.1.8 OFCs shall be routed at least Two (2) metres away from any buried high voltage (HV) cables and 0.3 metre away from any low voltage (LV) and Instrumentation cables.

14.1.9 Prior to the commencement of installation of the OFC, the test results of Pre-Installation Test (PRIT) / Drum Test as mentioned in Sub-Clause 18.2 of this RP shall be submitted to KOC Controlling Team / CITG for review and approval.

14.1.10 Crossing of utilities such as existing pipelines, power / communication cables, junction boxes etc. along the OFC route shall be avoided and the OFCs shall be rerouted, if necessary, with approval from KOC Controlling Team / CITG. In case rerouting is required, cables and jointing materials matching the existing installation shall be provided as required, subject to the approval of KOC Controlling Team / CITG.

14.1.11 Due to unavoidable site conditions, if crossing of utilities are to be carried out, it shall be as envisaged in the Installation Plan mentioned in Sub-Clauses 9.6.3 & 9.6.4 of this RP, with prior approval from KOC Controlling Team / CITG.

14.1.12 At utility crossing locations, the OFC / main duct shall be installed above the underground services ensuring a minimum clearance of 500 mm between OFC / duct and ground level and 300 mm above the underground services. Suitable protection shall be provided to OFC, as specified in the Sub-Clause 10.1.4 of this RP.

14.1.13 In cases, where the clearances mentioned in Sub-Clause 14.1.12 is not achievable at utility crossing locations, the OFC / main duct shall be installed 300 mm below the underground services using concrete encased duct, with prior approval from KOC Controlling Team / CITG.

14.1.14 OFC installation shall be carried out using appropriate cable feeders / rollers for smooth pulling ofcable and due care shall be taken to avoid damaging of outer sheathing of the cable.

14.1.15 While laying OFC, care shall be taken not to violate the minimum bending radius value specified by the Manufacturer. Sharp bending of OFC shall be avoided to maintain the macro bending loss within limits specified by OFC Manufacturer. At building entry points, cable bending radius shall be as recommended by the Manufacturer but not less than One (1) metre.

14.1.16 Pulling tension, side pressure, bending radius and similar parameters governing cable installation practice shall be held within the limits approved by the OFC Manufacturer and KOC Controlling Team / CITG, at all stages of cable installation.

14.1.17 It shall be ensured that the cable pulling tension does not exceed the maximum pulling tension recommended by Cable Manufacturer, by means of a tension monitoring device. The cable shall be carefully inspected for sheath defects or other irregularities as it is pulled out from the reel. If defects are detected, pulling shall be stopped immediately and the same shall be reported to the KOC Controlling Team / CITG. The cable section shall be repaired or replaced as per the advice of KOC Controlling Team / CITG.

14.1.18 All equipment and the pulling set shall be carefully checked to minimise interruptions during cable pulling. Wherever possible, the cable shall be pulled without stopping until the required amount of cable has been laid. For any reason, if the pulling operation has to be halted before the completion of cable installation, the tension of the pulling line shall not be released. When cable pulling is resumed, the pulling tension shall be increased in small steps (few seconds apart) in order to overcome the inertia of the cable until the cable is in motion.

14.1.19 The OFC drum shall never be left unattended during cable pulling. Unprofessional techniques or methods of cable pulling shall not be allowed.

14.1.20 As the Optical Fibres are sensitive to moisture, the cable ends shall be covered with an end cap and heavy tape or equivalent, at all times to avoid moisture entry.

14.1.21 After the OFC has been installed, the pulling tension shall be removed gradually. The extra cable at ends shall be properly coiled such that the minimum bending radius specified for long-term application recommended by the Manufacturer is not violated.

14.1.22 It shall be ensured that the residual tension on the installed cable shall be less than the maximum value recommended by Manufacturer for long-term application.

14.1.23 Suitable type of handholes / manholes shall be provided in the OFC route as mentioned in Clause 11.0 of this RP.

14.1.24 Extra length of cable shall be left at the beginning and at the end of the cable run. Extra length of cable shall also be placed at strategic points such as Spur-Cable Splice Handholes (SSHH), Road Crossing Handholes (RCHH), Intermediate Handholes (IMHH) etc. as identified in the approved splice plan.

14.1.25 Extra length (minimum 30 metres) of OFC shall be provided, at the Building Entrance Handhole (BEHH) / Building Entrance Manhole (BEMH), Facility Entrance Handhole (FEHH) / Facility Entrance Manhole (FEMH), Direction Changing Handhole (DCHH), Mid-Span Handholes (MSHH) and Road Crossing Handholes (RCHH), unless otherwise specified in the project document.

14.1.26 At splice accommodating handholes like Route Extension Handhole (REHH), Spur-Cable Splice Handhole (SSHH) etc., 15 metres of spare coil on each of the spliced cables shall be provided, unless otherwise specified in the project document.

14.1.27 Where a OFC / duct route is established from the Spur-Cable Splice Handhole (SSHH) to the RTU site, the Spur OFC / duct shall be terminated with a large bending radius {not less than One (1) metre} below the RTU cabinet cable entry base plate suitably clamped to a rigid support. The HDPE sub-duct carrying the OFC shall be terminated below the cable gland without affecting the IP classification of the cabinet.

14.1.28 OFCs shall be sequentially arranged and racked in each handhole / manhole in order to avoid criss-crossing. Caution shall be exercised during the pulling operation to avoid excess slack in handhole / manhole and prevent kinking or any damage to the cable.

14.1.29 Inside handholes / manholes, cabinets, at termination locations etc., OFC shall be tied to fixed positions to prevent damage to the cables and to provide adequate working space, if it is not required to be racked or permanently positioned.

14.1.30 All OFCs shall be secured, designated and tagged at all the exposed portions like handholes / manholes, cable trays and Fibre Distribution Panels (FDP) etc.

14.1.31 Whenever, excess cable has to be collected in a handhole or manhole before feeding the cable further, “Figure 8” formation shall be followed to prevent twists in the cable.

14.1.32 For drum length details of OFCs for various KOC applications, KOC-T-006 “KOC Standard for Optical Fibre Cables” shall be referred.

14.1.33 Route markers shall be placed at every 50 metres along the OFC route for route identification, unless otherwise specified in the project document. In addition, the route marker shall be placed at every handhole / manhole location. For typical drawing of the Route Marker, Appendix - III of this RP shall be referred.

14.1.34 The route marker shall be placed throughout the OFC route, within the trench and not touching the OFC or main duct, all along the route. For the specifications of the route marker Sub-Clause 17.2 of this RP shall be referred.

14.1.35 Route / Joint markers placed at the splice closure handholes viz., Route Extension Handhole (REHH), Spur-Cable Splice Handhole (SSHH) and Cable Damage Repair Handhole (DRHH) shall indicate the splice number also, in addition to the details as specified in Sub-Clause 17.2.5 of this RP, in the Marker Face Plate as per approved splice plan.

14.1.36 In addition to the general installation requirements described in this section, specific requirements for ducted method and direct buried method of installations described in the following sections shall be adopted, as applicable.

14.2 Specific Installation Requirements - Ducted Method I 2 I

14.2.1 The duct route shall be inspected and approved by KOC Controlling Team, before laying the Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) in the duct route.

14.2.2 Each OFC shall be installed in separate sub-duct in the duct route by manual pulling or using Blowing Technique as approved by KOC Controlling Team / CITG.

14.2.3 Proper rigging shall be set up at the pulling end so that the pulling line and OFC are properly aligned to the sub-duct in order to prevent the cable rubbing against the edge of the main duct / sub-duct.

14.2.4 All the cables shall be laid directly into the sub-ducts as the cable is pulled out from the drums. The cable shall always be pulled from top of the reel by rotating the reel in the feed direction at designated rate of pulling tension as recommended by Manufacturer.

14.2.5 Cable reels shall be located and aligned so that the cable is pulled into the sub-duct in a long, smooth bend without twisting. A cable feeder guide of proper dimensions shall be deployed at the sub-duct entry to properly guide the cable into the sub-duct.

14.2.6 Adequate pulling lubricant shall be used as required in order to minimise pulling tension and prevent sheath damage when pulling cables into sub-ducts. Lubricant shall be applied to the cable sheath with a lubricator. When pulling has been completed, the exposed cable ends shall be wiped clean of lubricant. All lubricant spills shall be cleaned up immediately.

14.2.7 The lubricants used shall be compatible with the OFC and certified by the lubricant Manufacturer. Soap and grease type lubricants shall not be used.

14.2.8 In longer span duct routes, the OFC shall be laid in the sub-duct either by Blowing Technique or by manual pulling. In case blowing technique is adopted, approval from KOC Controlling Team / CITG shall be obtained.

14.2.9 Prior to the “Air-Blown Type Installation” of OFC, the sub-duct route shall be air-pressure tested to ensure its suitability for such type of installation and the test results shall be submitted to KOC Controlling Team / CITG for review and approval. For general guidance on “Air-Blown Type Installation” of OFC, ITU-T L.57 shall be referred.

14.2.10 For vertical installations, the cable HDPE sub-duct shall be clamped at frequent intervals so as to prevent the cable weight from exceeding the maximum recommended long term load. The clamping intervals shall be sufficient to prevent cable movement as well as to provide weight support.

14.2.11 In handholes / manholes, where sub-ducts are removed for splicing works, the exposed portion of OFC shall be protected by using helical coiled cable protectors or equivalents.

14.2.12 When the OFC is to be pulled in duct route for a section of more than Two (2) kms, bi-directional pulling from the midpoint of the whole span shall be employed. After pulling half drum length of cable in one direction, balance cable shall be unwounded from the drum and coiled in “Figure 8” shape on the ground. Then, balance cable shall be pulled in the other direction.

14.3 Specific Installation Requirements - Direct Buried Method I 2 I

14.3.1 Prior to start of cable installation, the trench excavated for direct buried installation of Optical Fibre Cable (OFC) shall be inspected and approved by KOC Controlling Team. For more details on trench excavation Sub-Clause 10.1.3 and Appendix - IV of this RP shall be referred.

14.3.2 OFC shall be directly laid on the sifted soil / sand bed formed in the trench.

14.3.3 Prior to backfilling the trench, OFC shall be tested and approved by KOC Controlling Team / CITG.