Desarrollo de la Audiencia

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The mass public transportation “Transmilenio” has an active fleet of 160 articulated buses, but since it was implemented it has been generating a carbon footprint approximately equivalent to 10,26% of the total carbon footprint of Bogotá per year. That means that the system requires to find a way to decrease its greenhouse gas emissions. Another factor that contributes to the pollution generated are the high particulate matter concentrations found at the bus stations. One of the main reasons that explain that is that these buses are run on diesel and most of them are old fashioned so that explain the energy inefficiency of the system.

Additionally, this system does not have such an strategy for the environmental sustainability and they are planning to expand to new roads as “Carrera Séptima”, there are many reasons to oppose to that project, mainly because that road is not wide enough and there is a growing concern about the contamination it may generate. However, if this is an imminent decision, we propose an alternative so that this project can be planned to be sustainable and serve as an example for the rest of the system.

Problem definition

Key concepts

-Air pollution: “Air pollution refers to the release of pollutants into the air that are detrimental to human health and the planet as a whole”.1

-Carbon footprint: “On the demand side, the Ecological Footprint measures the ecological assets that a given population requires to produce the natural resources it consumes”2It can be measured by calculating GHG emissions. -“environmental impact bond”: ”innovative financing tool that uses a Pay for Success (PFS) approach to provide up-front capital for environmental programs, either to pilot a new approach whose performance is viewed as uncertain or to scale up a solution that has been tested on a small scale”.3

-Public and private sector alliance: Different stakeholders for financing the Project. -Clean energies: energy production, zero contamination.

Problem indicators

-Particulate matter concentrations

-Carbon footprint per year at the city.

-GHG Emissions

-Energy inefficiency -

Alternative

Transmilenio Green compensation system (Environmental impact bonds): Implementation of clean energies on the system.

Pay for success:

- Entire float of buses running on electric energy. (Alliance with the private sector- publicity) - Solar panels to improve the energy efficiency into bus stations. - Fundraising -Transmilenio tickets through ecobots with publicity.

Stakeholders and roles

- Transmilenio Operators: applicants for competitive bidding with clean energy certification. -Transmilenio: contributor and administrator of the resources and the applications of the impact bonds.

- Clean energy and compensation companies : suppliers that offer clean energy services, training courses and activities that complement the operators in the development of this sustainable model.

- CHEC: Hydroelectric Company that has a pilot system of public transport. -Shareholders: companies that become part of the Project as investors interested on adverstising.

- BID, International funds and organizations: International cooperation. - Citizen: they are also involved in particular with the ecobots and the tickets.

Solution Indicators

Main Indicators

-% variation particulate matter concentrations

-% variation Carbon footprint per year at the city.

-%variation GHG Emissions

-% variation Energy inefficiency

- Index Human Appropriation of Net Primary Productivity

Complementary Indicators- Monthly savings on operational costs and maintenance – Benefits generated for shareholders (resources and advertising) - Impact on the citizens and involvement on recycling campaigns.

Avendaño Paola Flórez Camilo Martínez Luisa

Olave Lina Puerto Natalia Vargas Luz Marina Transmilenio operators: applicants for trunk operation tender with clean energy certification

Transmilenio operators: applicants for trunk operation tender with clean energy certification

Contribution to the Citylab Student Competition during the “PBL for Sustainable Cities” conference 19-20-21 September 2018

CITYLAB MODULE

Name of the institution: Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

Name of the Citylab module: Sustainable Ecological Environments

Program(s) in which the module is implemented: Bachelor in Architecture, Bachelor in Industrial Design, Bachelor in Nutrition.

Name of supervisors: Carlos E. Aparicio M.; Karen Hinojosa Hinojosa; Amanda Melissa Casillas Zapata; Laura Elena Castro Sánchez; Ana Victoria Casillas Zapata; Elfide Mariela Rivas Gómez.

Name of students: Ana Lucía Besnier Navarro; Betsy Loroama Valdez Valdez; Dirce Jovanna Gómez Gómez; Eliud Reynaldo Jaramillo Gaona; Mayela Edith Mascorro Herrera.

Modality:Elective course

Timing: 16 weeks

Involvement of local stakeholders

Expand the knowledge of the university environment through agents of the same. The sustainability secretary committed to help develop recreational activities that promote ecology in students of new generations who enter the university, as well as facilitate participation in a TV program and in congresses, university federations like UNIVERDE were the nexus with the secretary of sustainability, in the same way we consulted experts in the subject to ensure the viability of the project as they are SIMEPRODE. Finally, as we try to raise awareness about the current environmental problems, develop a rational capacity on the environment that surrounds us and understand that the main agents of change are university students.

A pilot test was carried out with the containers in the course of new entry to the bachelor's degree in nutrition, in addition a contest was held by social networks which consisted in taking a photograph with a sustainable proposal to invite them to participate and how worried they were find on this subject, in addition to taking into account to discuss it with the authorities.

SDG goal(s)

Our project focuses on providing safe and clean public spaces to improve the health and quality of life of the inhabitants (SDG 11). Some of the benefits are: The improvement of our physical and psychological health, the strengthening of our

communities and the transformation of the streets and cities, making them more attractive places to live and work. It is also correlated with the noncommunicable diseases ofSDG 3 (guarantee a healthy life) by providing safe spaces. Supports SDG 12, since it covers environmental effects, such as waste management (goal 12.5), and the release of pollutants,

especially chemicals (goal 12.4) by the exposure of garbage to air, water and land , and also highlights in the project, reduce the production of garbage taking due importance to the information given to the consumer and environmental education for sustainable development and lifestyles (goal 12.8). In addition, it contributes toSDG 13, since it encourages the

adoption of measures to change habits to reduce the impact of climate change.

Learning experience

In the recent years, our University has been putting efforts into sustainability. It adopted an institutional policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, generating the conservation and sustainable use of the natural capital under its protection, correcting inefficiencies in the use of energy. According to the global education, the UANL is focused on giving the students the best tools for our future. This module definitely integrates the diverse points of view from students from different disciplines, such as architecture, nutrition and industrial design. It helped us see problems through our classmates’ eyes, and finding out how a problem can be solved in many different ways. In my experience (Dirce Gómez), this methodology helped me to realize the way I solved problems, specially when I started working with my teammates.

Interdisciplinarity

One of the most important parts of working in Citylab was the interdisciplinarity, where we shared our classroom with people from different disciplines, such as Architecture, Nutrition and Industrial Design. It merged each person’s abilities to make a strong group of multidisciplinary people, aiming to attack the problem from different flanks.

As we worked with a certain problem near one of the University Campus and also with the Sustainable Development Goals, we got to choose three of those different goals, in order to involve the different areas each member is used to work with. We decided the role each student had, in order to what each one was good at. It was easy to split the work and then have group feedbacks in order to put the work together. Our teachers were always willing to help us and dive their opinion and guidance for our work.

Contribution to the Citylab Student Competition during the “PBL for Sustainable Cities” conference 19-20-21 September 2018

Names of the students: Ana Lucía Besnier Navarro; Betsy Loroama Valdez Valdez; Dirce Jovanna Gómez Gómez; Eliud Reynaldo Jaramillo Gaona; Mayela Edith Mascorro Herrera.

Names of the supervisors: Carlos E. Aparicio M.; Karen Hinojosa Hinojosa; Amanda Melissa Casillas Zapata; Laura Elena Castro Sánchez; Ana Victoria Casillas Zapata; Elfide Mariela Rivas Gómez.

Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Faculty of Architecture and School of Public Health and Nutrition. City Lab Module: Sustainable Ecological Environments

CITYLAB PROJECT