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As observed in this study, the mean pre- and post-exercise heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pressure-rate products were significantly higher in the hypertension group. The hypertension group had significantly lower mean six-minute walk distance and speed than the control, (399.77±100.00m vs 503.37±19.40m, P<0.05). Sub-analysis of the hypertension group showed that HHF group had significantly lowest mean 6MWD (278.55±83.42) and speed
78
(0.77±0.29). Previous studies have documented similar findings107,175-176. The Committee on Exercise of the AHA reported that pressure-rate product (PRP) is usually related to the load imposed on the left ventricle and reflective of greater myocardial oxygen demand177.
LVEF and tissue Doppler systolic velocity was positively correlated with 6MWD, even after controlling for age, hematocrit, and body mass index. E/e’ ratio had significantly inverse relationship with 6MWD. LVH, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction are associated with lower functional capacity in patients with arterial hypertension178. Gardin et al179 reported that left ventricular early diastolic function is a modest predictor of aerobic exercise capacity and appears to be a better predictor than LVEF. Zheng et al180 in a study of the effects of 6 months exercise training on ventricular function in hypertensive patients concluded that 6 months exercise could enhance hypertensive patients’ aerobic exercise level and diastolic function to a certain extent.
79 CHAPTER 7 7.0 CONCLUSION: This study has shown that:
1. Hypertensive women had significantly higher cardiovascular disease risk factors.
2. 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography revealed significantly greater left atrial diameter, aortic root dimension, left ventricular internal dimensions in systole and diastole, right ventricular internal diameter, and greater left ventricular mass and mass index in the hypertensive women compared with control group.
3. Left ventricular systolic function, analyzed by M-mode and tissue Doppler
echocardiography revealed significantly reduced LVEF and left ventricular systolic velocity in hypertensive women especially HHF patients (LVEF of 46.77±11.58), compared with control group. Tissue Doppler systolic velocity and left ventricular ejection fraction correlated significantly with exercise capacity.
4. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is very common in hypertensive women (68.3%), and those with diastolic dysfunction had significantly lower exercise capacity than those without.
5. There is a greater arrhythmic burden in hypertensive women than in the control (59.7%
vs 33.3%) with premature ventricular complex being the commonest arrhythmic pattern.
6. Exercise testing using 6MWD revealed lower six-minute walk distance and speed in hypertensive women, especially hypertensive heart failure subjects when compared to control group.
80 7.1 Limitation of the Study
1. Inability to assay for newer cardiovascular risk factors- examples are homocysteine, C-reactive protein and fibrinogen because this study does not include these parameters.
81 7.2 Recommendations.
The following recommendations are recommended.
1. Early risk factor detection by assessing CVD risk factors in women with hypertension.
2. Institution of weight reduction program and adopting DASH-diet in all hypertensive women is recommended to improve the burden of obesity and cardiovascular risks. Lifestyle modification should be promptly commenced.
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