Desarrollo orientado al usuario final

Demolition / Revamp / Upgrade Factors and Main Points to consider:

1. Quality of work, low-end specifications, high or medium specifications.

2. Productivity, low, medium or high output.

3. Labor and construction equipment limitations due to small / confined work areas, considerable amount of manual / handwork could be required.

4. Dust / debris and noise protection / temporary screens.

5. Material handling logistics / storage off-loading limitations.

6. Temporary bracing and support of future and present work areas.

7. Protection of existing buildings / facilities and services during demolition activities.

8. Overtime, shift work and possible weekend work schedule.

9. Cutting and making good to current construction features / materials and equipment.

10. Removal of hazardous materials, contaminated ground, PCB’s,: lead paint and asbestos materials, toxic materials

11. Weather protection, rain, snow, wind etc.

12. Phasing issues, single, various or multiple.

13. Small quantities of material, bricks, pipe and steel are typically more expensive than standard shipments.

14. Work inside ongoing operations such as offices, production areas, stores, factories and process facilities, requiring special work permits / approvals.

Demolition / Revamp / Upgrade work is difficult and an intricate item to estimate the cost of, time and again the best estimates / efforts values are attained by having either a cost estimator or qualified field personnel review the demolition / revamp / upgrade scope of work at the site and have them produce a take off listing of items / quantities to be demolished / revamped / upgraded, utilize site visits, sketches, mark up drawings, photographs and video’s were possible. Credit values / income from scrap / salvage of demolished equipment / materials may appreciably lessen the demolition costs (on some

occasions it may be cost effective to demolish a facility). This is the case if sizeable amounts of alloy metals (stainless steel 304 and 316, brass, copper), carbon steel, cast iron, sheet metal, aluminum, copper roofing / cable, structural steel, electrical equipment and various piping materials are part of the scope of work to be demolished. The

hazardous material aspects / environmental facets of demolition / revamp work should be considered, lead paint, toxic chemicals, PCB’s, asbestos, contaminated soil and on site or off site removal dumping / disposal costs for disposal of demolished / scrap material must also be considered and estimated, credit values also should be evaluated.

Demolition / Revamp / Upgrade of Site Work / Concrete / Buildings:

• Be aware if demolition is in a restricted area, near in use highways (what about traffic control measures), pedestrian traffic or close to a processing /

manufacturing activity operating machinery / equipment, will blowers and venting equipment be required, what about safety measures (Scott air packs special safety measures). Establish if it going to be a manual operation (sledge hammers and pick axes) or can a headache ball / arrow breaker or can be used, what other means of demolition will be utilized, jackhammers, saw cutting, explosives D8 ripper. Compile detailed scope of work / listing of facilities, roads, paving, underground rock, utilities, underground services etc. that is to be demolished / or to be upgraded. Establish and measure the quantity in items, cubic yards or square yards of concrete for slabs on grade, elevated floor areas, pile caps, spread footings, grade beams and isolated foundations to be demolished or upgraded.

• Establish the quantities of demolition / revamp work, i.e., square feet, cubic yards, tons, lineal feet etc. and the disposal methods, truck, railcar or barge, etc., consider disposal methods / tipping fees / disposal distance, hazardous

materials, specialized sub contractors and construction equipment and any federal or state required documentation. Determine if the concrete is reinforced or non-reinforced (plain), is it on grade or elevated, what method will be used to cut or burn through this rebar.

• Resolve if temporary noise / dust barriers, visqueen screens or enclosures, air locks are considered necessary to be erected during demo / upgrade. Make a note of if needle and pinning or shoring is needed to support demolition / revamp work. Scope out and make a checklist and or complete take off description of all the facility / building items of demolition / removal / upgrade, i.e., west wing, top floor, walls, slab on grade, floors, roofing systems, doors, windows, fixtures, roofing (lead or copper) etc. Scope out and establish if any demolished materials can be refurbished / reused; i.e., stone, bricks, copper flashing, flooring systems / tiles etc. Measure quantities of wall systems, exterior closure and roofing

systems.

Demolition / Revamp / Upgrade of Structural Steel / Ductwork / Miscellaneous Metals:

• Ascertain if any of the steel is fireproofed / sprayed on, does this need to be removed, is any asbestos material contained within the fireproofing material, what is required to encapsulate and remove this material. Resolve if any

demolished materials; i.e., structural steel, handrails, platform features etc. can be salvaged and recycled. Determine pounds of ductwork to be removed or revamped, can any main headers be reused, what about the insulation material.

• Determine the quantity of structural steel in pounds / tons, metal decking (SF), floor joists, platforms and grating in square feet and ladders / handrails in linear feet (LF). Find out disposal methods, salvage costs from third party vendors / haulers. Can any existing material be upgraded?

Demolition / Revamp of Major Equipment / Mechanical Equipment / Piping Systems / Electrical / Instrumentation / Fire Protection / Painting / Insulation:

• Establish quantity, dimensions, lifting weight, number of pieces, and location within the plant of major equipment, i.e., agitators, blowers, heaters,

compressors, drums, vessels, columns / towers, heat exchangers, etc.

Determine if any special cranes / lifting equipment is required. Document if existing equipment is to be reused, does refurbishment of major equipment need to be estimated / established. Confirm place of disposal of major equipment.

Determine if any major equipment will be refurbished and or reused or sold.

• Resolve if any special passivation / cleaning needs of major equipment / mechanical equipment, in particular towers, trays, pressure vessels, tanks or silos, estimate for any extraordinary dumping necessities of hazardous materials.

Estimate and allow for testing of asbestos in fireproofing and insulation materials, estimate for remedial action if required. Resolve if piping systems are to be demolished, or left in place, or reused. When demolition is needed, measure length (LF) by diameter / spec / wall thickness of pipe to be removed. Can the demolished pipe / fittings / valves be re-used or sold as salvage, do piping systems need to be passivated prior to removal. Estimate and allow for testing of asbestos / lead paint on the pipe and in the insulation if encountered. Describe removal and disposal methods. Scope out and perform take-off and establish number of items or length / dimensions, number of pieces, weight and location in plant of sub stations, switchgear, transformers panels, motor control centers, motors etc that are to removed and confirm if cables, conduit, and cable trays are to be demolished or left in place (determine if local building code officials allow this situation) or are to be refurbished and or reused, establish which equipment / systems that can be reused. Establish if sub stations / transformers, etc., contain chemicals such as glycol / PCB’s, acids, cooling mediums, hazardous or toxic materials. Quantify and estimate the cost of removal, refurbishment, reuse or sale / salvage or electrical equipment and or materials. Quantify fire protection / sprinkler demolition / upgrade requirements, count number of heads (how many will be remove how many will stay), can any of the systems be reused, what about latest building codes, does the existing systems need to be refurbished, what about latest building codes, the same situation needs to be completed for the painting and insulation systems, disposal and associated costs need to be established. Resolve if control wiring, mounting brackets, is to be reused, refurbished, demolished or left in place, can any existing material be reused.

Buildings:

Estimate the building on a square foot basis and then multiply by 0.25 for an approximate estimate value.

$5.00 - $7.00 per SF for concrete / masonry buildings.

Walks and Driveways:

Removal and transportation of asphalt or concrete paving or sidewalks: This is based on loading and hauling to edge of site. Multiply cost of new installation of similar quality by a factor of 0.35.

Concrete: To remove and load concrete foundations and walls 4 - 6 MH per CY Slabs of Grade1.5 – 2.5 MH per CY.

Structural Steel:

To dismantle and remove Structural Steel: Determine the hours as if it was new work and multiply by a factor of 0.4. Alternatively use 2.50 – 7.50 hours per ton to demolish structural steel.

Piping Systems:

To dismantle and remove piping use multiply by a factor 0.40 x cost of erection.

The factor does not consider any salvage, if pipe / valves / fittings are to be salvaged. Alternatively 0.2 MH per 100 lb. of material to be dismantled is reasonable approach. On the other hand use the following data to arrive at a man-hour budget:

Pipe Diameter Man hour per LF 2” and below 0.15 – 0.25

2” – 6” 0.25 – 0.40

6” – 12” 0.40 –0.75

Electrical / Instrumentation:

To dismantle and remove electrical conduit, wiring, fixtures, equipment,

instrumentation, etc., estimate as new work and multiply by 0.40. To dismantle and re-install multiply man-hours by 1.4

Trees and Shrubs (softwood): Remove trees / stumps and haul off surplus aver 1-2.5 miles:

Diameter. Tree Height MH Each Stump Removal by Hand

0” to 9” 10’ to 20’ 4 8/10 MH

9” to 12” 20’ to 30’ 8 10/12 MH

12” to 18” 30’ to 40’ 10 12/14 MH

18” to 24” over 50’ 16 16/18 MH

If excavation machine, bulldozer or backhoe is used to push over trees for stacking and burning, multiply MH ‘s indicated above by 0.33

Trees and Shrubs (hardwood): Remove trees / stumps and haul off surplus aver 1-2.5 miles:

Diameter. Tree Height MH Each Stump Removal / Blasting

0” to 9” 10’ to 20’ 6 1 MH

9” to 12” 20’ to 30’ 10 1.5 MH

12” to 18” 30’ to 40’ 12 2 MH

18” to 24” over 50’ 24 2.5 MH

Clearing and Grubbing Shrubs:

This item varies as to density of brush of debris to be cleared and type of

equipment to be used. Previous experience, based on sub-contracting this work:

indicates values as follows.

Light Work $78.75 to $414.75 per Acre Medium Work $341.25 to $682.50 per Acre Heavy Work $ 551.25 to $1,548.75 per Acre Drilling for rock anchors 0.05 hours / LF Drill & blast rock (loading with Front End Loader) 0 – 1,000 CY 4.10 man hours / 10 CY 1,000 CY and above 3.33 man hours / 10 CY

EXCAVATING BY HAND UNITS, ETC. (excludes planking & strutting)

Man Hours per 10 Cubic Yard’s Heavy Soil Solid Clay Normal & or Soil Clay Solid Earth

Loading trucks by hand 13.5 22.5 25.5

Trenches to 5’0” deep 16.5 24.5 27.8

Foundations to 10’0” deep (1 lift) 21.0 23.5 26.9 Foundations to 15’0” deep (2 lifts) 42.0 46.5 51.7 Foundations to 20’0” deep (3 lifts) 64.0 68.5 71.5 Backfill by hand, no tamping 95% compaction 5.0 6.5 7.2 Spread loose material by hand 3.0 3.5 3.9

Hand tamping 9.0 11.0 12.3

Hand Excavation

Excavation 2.0 man-hours per CY / 2.62 man-hours per M3 Backfill 0.6 CY man-hours per CY / 0.80 man-hours per M3 OFF LOADING MATERIALS BY HAND:

Sand from trucks 0.65 Man-hours per CY

Gravel / stone from trucks 0.70 Man-hours per CY Crushed rock / crusher run from trucks 0.85 Man-hours per CY Cement (sacked) from trucks 0.10 Man-hours per sack

Bricks per 1,000 2.50 Man-hours per 1,000

MACHINE & HAND BACKFILL:

Typical for Sand, Loose Soil and Stone / Gravel Dozer 200 HP / Backhoe 100 HP

WORK HOURS Per 10 Cubic Yards

Item Unit Total

Bulldoze Loose Material 10 CY 0.33 Bulldoze Dense Material 10 CY 0.55 Compaction by Hand 10 CY 7.50 Pneumatic Compaction 10 CY 3.00

1.50 CY bucket 10 CY 0.10

1.00 CY bucket 10 CY 0.28

0.50 CY bucket 10 CY 0.34

0.25 C.Y. bucket 10 CY 0.50

Hand Place and Tamp 10 CY 4.50

NOTES: Man-hours do not take into consideration trucking or fine grading work; refer to pertinent tables for these units. Hand place labor units contain, placing by hand with shovels, loose earth in hand-throwing distance of stockpiles. The transfer of pre-stockpiled loose earth over an area: Stone, sand and spreading units take account of, hand placing, with shovels, these materials from located stockpiles. Clamshell labor units include the placement of materials from accessible stockpiles. Tamping by hand and pneumatic tamping units include the compacting of pre-spread materials in 6” layer lifts. Man-hours above for this type work are shown as laborer hours. If air tool

operators are needed for this work substitute / alternate this effort for above laborer hours. For quantities over 1,500 CY multiply above units by 0.80.

RIP RAP

Placed by hand 17.5 man hours / 10 CY

Placed by machine 11.5 man hours / 10 CY LOADING EXCAVATED MATERIAL FROM STOCKPILE:

Front end Loader / Backhoe 100 HP WORK HOURS PER (10) CY

ITEM OPERATOR

MAN-HOURS