Descripción de las coberturas

SD E analysis is based on problems of procurement namely: # Non-availability # scarcity # longer lead time

# Geographical location of suppliers and # Reliability of suppliers etc,

S-D-E analysis classifies the items into three groups called 'Scares', 'Difficult' and 'Easy. The information so developed is then used to decide purchasing strategies.

'Scarce' classification comprises of items which are in short supply, imported or Chanalised through government agencies. Such items are best to procure once a year in lieu of effort and expenditure involved in the procedure for import. 'Difficult' classification includes those items, which are available indigenously but are not easy to procure. Also items which come from far off distance and for which reliable sources do not exist fall into this category. Even the items, which are difficult to, manufacture and only one or two manufacturers are available belong to this group. Supplies of such items require several months of advance notice.

'Easy' classification covers those items, which are readily available. Items produced to commercial standards, items where supply exceeds demand and others which are locally available fall into this group.

(i) To decide on the method of buying. E.g. Forward buying method may be followed for some of the items in the 'Scare' group, scheduled buying and contract buying for Easy group.

(ii) To fix responsibility of buyers. E.g. senior buyers may be given the responsibility of 'S' and 'D' groups while items in 'E' group may be handled by junior buyers or even directly by storekeeper.

G-NG-LF ANALYSIS / GOLF ANALYSIS

The G-NG-LF analysis (or GOLF analysis) like S-D-F analysis is based on the nature of the suppliers, which determine quality, lead-time, and terms of payment, continuity or otherwise of supply and administrative work involved. The analysis classifies the items into four groups namely G, NG, L and F.

'G' group covers items procured from 'Government' suppliers such as the STC, the MMTC and the public sector undertakings. Transactions with this category of suppliers involve long lead-time and payments in advance or against delivery.

'NG' (0 in GOLF analysis) group comprises of items procured from 'Non-Government (or Ordinal

Suppliers. Transactions with this category of suppliers involve moderate delivery time, end availability of credit, usually n the range of 30 to 45 day. 'L' group contains items bought from 'Local supplier the items bought from local suppliers are those which are cash purchase or purchased on blank orders. .

'F' group contain those items, which are purchased from 'Foreign suppliers'. The transactions will such suppliers, .

# Involve a lot of Administrative and procedural work.

# Require initial clearance from government agencies such as DGTD. # Necessitate search-of foreign suppliers.

# Require opening of letter of credit. .

# Require making of arrangement for shipping and port clearance.

S-OS ANALYSIS

S-OS analysis is based on seasonality or otherwise of the items. The analysis classifies the item into two groups: SOS (I.e. seasonal) and OS (off -seasonal). The analysis identifies items, which are:

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(i) Seasonal items are available only for a limited period. For example, agriculture products like raw mangoes, raw material for cigarette and paper industries, etc, are available for a limited time am therefore such items are procured to last the full year. (ii) Seasonal but are available throughout the year. Their prices however, are lower during the harvest time. The quantity of such items requires to be fixed after comparing the cost saving due to lower prices against higher cost of carrying inventories.

(iii) Non-seasonal items whose quantity is decided on different considerations.

F-S-N ANALYSIS

F-S-N analysis is based on the consumption figures of the items.

The items under this analysis are classified into three groups: F (Fast moving), S (Slow moving) and N (Non moving).

To conduct the analysis, the last date of receipt or the last date of issue whichever is later is taken into account and the period usually in terms of number of months that has elapsed since the last movement is recorded.

Such an analysis helps to identify:

(i) Active items which require to be reviewed regularly.

(ii) Surplus items whose stocks are higher than their rate of consumption and (iii) Non moving items which are not being consumed.

The last two categories are reviewed further to decide on disposal action to deplete their stocks and thereby release company's productive capital.

Further detailed analysis is made of the third category in regard to their year-wise stocks and the items can be sub-classified. As non-moving for 2 years, 3 years, 5 years and so on.

X-Y-Z ANALYSIS

X-Y-Z Analysis is based on value of the stocks on hand (i.e. inventory investment). Item whose inventory values are high are called X items while those whose inventory values are low are called

Z items, Y items are those, which have moderate inventory stocks.

Usually X-Y-Z analysis is used in conjunction with either ABC analysis or HML analysis. X-Y-Z analysis when combined with ABC analysis is used as under.

Class Of Items A B C X Efforts to be made to reduce stock to Z category Effort to be made convert them to Y category Steps to be taken dispose off surplus stocks Y Efforts to be made to convert to Z category * Control may be further tightened

Z * Stock levels may be

reviewed twice a year