4.3 Requerimientos de capacidad adicional en Transmisión
4.3.1 Descripción del sistema de transmisión existente
SECTION I Reading Comprehension Answer these questions about the reading passage. (3 points each)
The Consumers Union (CU) was founded in 1936 to give information and advice to the public about goods and services. By doing research in laboratories and conducting tests on products, scientists were able to rate them, or tell if they were good or bad. They started by testing food like milk and cereal—and then personal products like soap and stockings. There were three categories in their ratings: Best Buy, Also Acceptable, and Not Acceptable. Later, CU began testing cars and home appliances, such as fans, radios, and other small machines. In the same year it was founded, the organization began publishing a magazine for its members, Consumers Union Reports, listing the ratings of products that they tested. In 1940, CU sent out a questionnaire, that is, a list of questions, to its members, asking them to rate the products that they used. This questionnaire became so popular that it has continued until today. In 1942, the magazine’s name was changed to Consumer Reports and sold to the general public. By the 1950s, the number of people buying Consumer Reports (CR) reached 400,000. During this decade, the magazine reported on the dangers of tobacco, the poor quality of color TV sets, the contamination of milk by nuclear testing, and other news that was controversial, or caused debate. In the 1960s, the magazine reported that the price of auto insurance varied widely, or was different, among companies. In the 1970s, it reported on the pollution of America’s drinking water by factories. These articles won national prizes because they informed the public about problems that needed to be solved. In the 1980s, CR began publishing special newsletters for different readers on cars, travel, health, and even one for children on how to earn and save money. In the 1990s, the Consumers Union moved to a new testing and research center with 50 modern laboratories in Yonkers, New York. By this time, CR had over 5 million magazine readers and 1 million online readers. After 80 years, this organization is still protecting consumers from the false claims of advertisers and the dangers of unsafe products.
1. The Consumers Union started to publish a magazine .
A in 1936
B in 1940
C in the 1980s
D in the 1990s
products, scientists were able to rate them, or tell if they were good or bad. They started by began testing cars and home appliances, such as fans, radios, and other small machines.
CU sent out a questionnaire, that is, a list of questions, to its members, asking them to rate the
of auto insurance varied widely, or was different, among companies. In the 1970s, it was controversial, or caused debate. In the 1960s, the magazine reported that the price
A
B
C
D
T10 CHAPTER 3 TEST C o p yr igh t © M cG ra w -H ill
Test
Interactions 2 Reading
C H A P T E R
3
2. The magazine was sold only to members until .
A 1936
B 1940
C 1942
D 1960
3. In the 1950s, CR didn’t report on . A bad TV sets
B contaminated milk
C tobacco’s dangers
D polluted drinking water
4. The magazine won prizes because .
A it rated products
B it told the public about problems
C some products were not acceptable
D there were so many problems
5. After 70 years, people . A are still reading CR
B are tired of reading CR
C believe the false claims of advertisers
D buy unsafe products
SECTION II Strategy Look back at the highlighted words and then do the activity below. (3 points each)
1. To rate means .
A to conduct tests on products
B to do research in laboratories
C to tell if products are good or bad
D to test food and personal products
2. Home appliances are . A cars
B milk and cereal
C small machines
D soap and stockings
3. A questionnaire is . A a list of questions B a magazine C ratings of products D so popular To rate means
Home appliances are
A questionnaire is
C o p yr igh t © M cG ra w -H ill CHAPTER 3 TEST T11
Test
Interactions 2 Reading
C H A P T E R
3
4. The word controversial in paragraph B probably means .
A causing debate
B contamination
C dangerous
D other news
5. The word varied in paragraph C is closest in meaning to .
A very cheap
B very expensive
C was changing
D was different
SECTION III New Words Fill in the blanks with words from the Academic Word List from Chapter 3. (3 points each)
capacity grants
consumes item
economy
sport utility vehicle
After reading about the Consumers Union (CU), you may wonder how scientists test the products. It is 1 that CU buys all the products that it tests. If a company sends an
2 , CU returns it because it does not want to be 3 by the
company. The 4 of its testing is based on the independence of its testing. CU
is supported by
5 collected from members and 6 from other
sources. It does not accept any money from companies. To rate a car like a 7 , a
driver takes it to the auto-test facility in Connecticut. There he will find out the
8
of the car, or how many people and how much equipment will fit inside. Next, he will drive it around for several hours to see what its fuel
9 is, or how much gas it
10 . Then, he will drive it in rainy and snowy weather and in rocky and hilly areas
to see how fast it goes and how safely it stops. Finally, he and a team of other drivers will look at the data and give the SUV a rating.
The word controversial in paragraph B probably means
The word varied in paragraph C is closest in meaning to
common knowledge influenced
funds success
T12 CHAPTER 3 TEST C o p yr igh t © M cG ra w -H ill
Test
Interactions 2 Reading
C H A P T E R
3
SECTION IV Building Vocabulary Are the following words nouns or adjectives? On the lines write n. for noun or adj. for adjective. (2 points each)
1. information 2. identical
3. social 4. subsidiary 5. offensive
Complete the sentences below with words from the preceding exercise. Use a different word for each sentence. (2 points each)
11. try to influence consumers to buy products.
12. Some advertisements are because they are not true. 13. People often show their with a product by returning it. 14. Before you buy a product, get as much about it as possible. 15. You will have an if you compare products before you buy them. 16. If you buy two products, one may not work as well as the other. 17. In a snowstorm, it is dangerous to drive, even in an SUV. 18. A company may have a in another country.
19. If CU allows companies to send them free products, this may be on how CU rates the product.
20. CU performs a service when it tells the public about unsafe products.
TOTAL /100 pts. 6. dissatisfaction 7. marketers 8. violent 9. influential 10. advantage har70611_ChTest_ch03-Rnd02.indd 12 11/29/12 3:43 PM