Descripción de impactos ambientales

5.3 The The Force Force PoygonPoygon

Liteohn's foce polygon(Fig 55(Fig 55 consists of two tr ngu pyrids whose tips ch n fron of the ver tebrl body of T4. The wo posteronerio lnes nd he nteoposeo ine blnce ech other out nd cross in font of T4. The esut of hese hree lines is the cenl grviy line th runs hrough L3.

The lower pyrmid hs  solid bse conssting of he hipoins nd he coccyx. The fomen gnu seves s the bse of he upper pymd. t s stbilized by myofscil suctues evc dysfunctions nd occpi totlnoxil OAA) lesons nfluence T3-T4 hen wlkng, boh pyrmds urn in opposte diecions. e cn see this fom he opposte rm nd eg ove mens

Te o oo 66

hen the stnce leg is on he eft nd the swng eg on the righ, he lowe pyrd fors  convexty with rghtwrd rotion, while the upper pyrmd mkes  convexty wih eftwrd otion. The cen gvty line connecs 3 with the hp onts

The nteoposerio ne connecs the ls nd he coccyx, running through L3 Ths cretes  hird py mid which lso hs he pevis s  solid bse nd L3 s is ip.

All hree pyrids depend on the pressure condi ions in the cves the wo ower ones dectly nd he uppe pymid indecy though myofsci en sions.

nhltion nd exhon no only chnge he pres sure n the hox nd bdomen, but lso cuse the spine o stretch durng inhltion.

6 5

6 5h Bomchancal Mol of ohn Martn ttohn-h Mchanc of th Spnh Bomchancal Mol of ohn Martn ttohn-h Mchanc of th Spn

 

Fig. S4a 

Fig. S4a  Crse  the

aterpsterr e ad the tw psteraterr es, whc c sttte the e pyg

5.4

5.4 Arches, Pivots and Double Arches (Fig. 5.6)Arches, Pivots and Double Arches (Fig. 5.6)

Aes

Aes

ro an anatoical perspective the spine conssts o or aches:

 Cevca aasT  hoacc 22  Lbar: L -  Sacral sacrcoccx

ileohn also divided he spine nto for arches bt fro a fnctona perspective He defined the aches as aeas o he spne beteen socalled pivots The a ches ove as a hole he fnctona arches are as follos:

 Upper arch CC4

 Mddle ach C6T8

 Loe arch L4

 Sacr

Ths classcaon nto nctional arches akes it pos sibe to deonstrae ho the ndvdal spnal seg ents relate to each other B acceptng Litleohn's ode of orce lines and hs nderstandingo he eect of indvidal scle gops as el as o the anaoi cal chaactestics o ndvdal verebrae e can hen accep cerain verebrae as pivots



PvosPvos

There ae anaoica phsiologcal and nconal pi vos.

Ao vo

Ao vo are he apica vetebae The

oce segens o the spine to behave in specfic as de to heir specia anaoical shape. Anato cal pivos are C2Lsac

ig.

ig. Foce poygon ccorng to Ltejoh

iteon ssocied te ts wt te ed nd ereore did not consider t s  vot

Pysoo pvos

Pysoo pvos e octed in beween curv ues t is were  lordosis tnsitions nto  ky osis 5T9-5.

Fuo pvos

Fuo pvos re vertebe t gin seci signifcnce becuse of teir mecncl funcon

Tese re 2/T43

2 is  ivot or te ed Te extremey sensitive

subocciitl musculure connecs te OAA com ex

T4 is  ivot becuse e ed rotion eces to T4

T5 n ddition T4 s n motn inersection or ittejon's force ines.

 3 is te lowest umbr vetebr tt is not diecly conneced by lgmens to te elvis

Becuse of e connection toug te ilolumb i gments 4 nd 5 belong to te elvis smil to te connection of  nd 2 to te ed) In ddition 3 is e grviton cener of te wole body fo Suter

Arches, Pvots, andDo Arches 6363

Arches • (1-(4 *(6T8(6T8 *T1T1O-L4 Saum  





Double ches T3 T3 (7-T8(7-T8 T1T1O-scum T6 T6 T11 T11 T12 T12

@



Fig.

Fig. Arches dobe arces, an pvot vertebrae.

nd. ysfuncons of tese vot vertebe re extre mey common Only in very rre cses re tey m niuled n isoion Te ssocted ces sould l wys be treed in conjunction



Double ArchesDouble Arches

ittleon descibed two double rces

Te ue osteior c 7-T

Te lower nerior c T0-scrum

From  mecnicl ersective  is inteesting o noe tt te uer oserio rc cies e weigt of te ed orx nd ue extremes nd sts t dor sly so tt t is en counteblnced by e lower nteio c nd directed owrds e is

Te ex o e double rces s octed fo te ue rc t e leve of T4T5 nd for te lowe c  e level o f 23. Bot of ese segments e very suscetibe to dysfuncions For ittejon te

6

6 55The Bomechanca Mode o John Martn tteohnTe Mechanc o the SpneThe Bomechanca Mode o John Martn tteohnTe Mechanc o the Spne

ollowg were wea poi i h yem 7 h rb T9    2 L2 L3

 7  loaed a he raio bewee a mobe ad

a rigid pal egme

• T9  a oal po bewee wo arhe ad be wee a aerior ad poerior doble arh.

•  ad T2 are he oro eer o he pie.

he h rb  oaed  he raio oe bewee he pper horax ad he S ad he lower horax ad he LS.

 L2 ad 3 are he weae poi  he ere pie beae he weigh o he whoe body mae here he wegh o he r pree rom aboe ad he ower exreme p dowward drg walg.

I he ae o pora imbalae ompeae a io ed o orgaie arod hee wea poi i he pe.

Lileoh ad aer alo hi de Joh Werham ad E Hall deribe i heir wrig he relaio hip bewee he orga he eroegeae y em ad he edore yem rhermore he ex pai ad baiae hi herapei proedre For obio reao we had o limi oele here o reiewg hoe ape ha i io he oex o hi boo.

A rher deeopme o h model ha led o a i ereig oeopah reame mehod amey SAT (pei adme ehiqe. We pree h mehod  he oowg eio.

55

55

Specfc Adjustment Technque Accordng to DummerSpecfc Adjustment Technque Accordng to Dummer8888



HistoryHistory

he ieo o peii adjme ehiqe SA) wa mo ely oiideal rig a l epdemi i he 950 he oeopah ad hiropraor arall Bradbry happeed o be he oy herapi o al  hi lii. Beae o he eormo mber o pa ie i eed o reame Bradbry had oy imed ime or eah reame Th he deded o oy ma iplae he mo opio egme i eah pa ie.

H e wa o grea ha he rher aayed hi mehod. arilarly eeie were hoe reame i whh he mapaed he aypal erebrae Par al Bradbry wa leoh' de ad wa here ore amar wh hi model o ore lie  hi hiro prai raiig he had leared he "whoeioe

maiplaio o he pper S ideally he reame o oe egme o he ey eio oowed Sll priple o d i x i ad eae i aloe.

Togeher wh he phya dey ee he om pleed a ere o ieigao o aalye he ee iee o maiplag ey leo ad iroded h mehod  h boo  Herei he deed he erm or poioal leo. Thi reer moly o rama bloage o aypal erebrae h a i whplah re Aordg o Bradbry hi er ebra ha o be repoioed wih a impe ehi qe i whh he imple  exaly oppoie he ore eor ha aed he bloage. hi mehod wa de eloped rher ad reied by Bradbry' de Tom mmer   o oly applied i ramai eio.

B

B _{SB [CB]SB [CB]} FigFig_{mode. Inte-ve pvots e (5}S7a S7a   aa tteon's

T9,

T9, nd L, typ vetebe e (1 (2

(1 (2 nd L5/S1  Poygon of foes odng to Lttejoh demonsttng the mehn etons nd fntons of te spne.

a

ipt

ble pont o the tige L3 tp of the lowe tingle b b A A H H B B kul e A

A front edge o te CCipitl foen mgnu B C

B C to the ide of the b edge o the oipitl oen mgnu ACB

ACB nteopoteio ine BH BH poteronteior ine CH CH poterontero lne H H hp jont CB CB oyge one

epending n the lcztin f he "prm le sin (cervic  scl) , he therpst fws  cer tin rder in the mnpultn f e segments, m nipulting n ne segment n ech etmen

•

ProcedureProcedure

The therpist seches r the e segmen in need f retment b dividing the lcmr sstem nt three units F ech uni,  number f specifc ests exst. The gl s t find the dmnting unt.

In ech unt, hee e cern vertebre tht re pr tculr sgnicnt These re the sced pivts frm Littlehn's mdel(Fig 57 C , C2, C3, C5, T3,(Fig 57

, 9 , 2, 3, L5, scrum Note

• ierent pvts re feced, depending n whether i s  umtc r dptive cse.

 Opnins der n wheher the pivt verebre shuld be mnpulted r nt.

A pivt is lws  urning pint f  grup f veteb re Therere, t s lws recmmended  ls tret this grup f vertebre, f which gentle techniues re mre pprprite.

Specific Adjutment Technique Accoding  Dummer 6565

•

The Three UnitsThe Three Units

vding he rgnism int three unts s, ccrdng t tlejhns mdel, ve lgicl nd pcc becuse  mkes sense neulgicll s well s mechncl he hree unts derive m he three prmds f the fce plgn

Ui 1 Ui 1

wer extremes, pevs, nd lwer SC frm L3 dwn

his unit is elted t cmtn

Ui 2 Ui 2

Crnium CSC uppeTSC up t4, shulders nd rms, uppe thx

Vegetve functins f the hed thrt, nd thrx Ui 3

Ui 3

Lwer thrx, vetebre T3

Vegetve functns f the bdmen.

Note  s nteresting t bserve ht these three unts re bsic euivent t the three wer hinge res f Znks mde Lttehns mde lcks he cervicc cipljuncn s n slted unt nsted, t s cnsd ered s Unt 2 geher wth the CJ Nevertheless, be cuse f s specl chrcterstics pc veeb psmpthicus re) , it cn, n ur pnn, ls be cnsdered s  sepe un, wth specl signcnce r the crnscr sstem

 

6

In document I. DATOS GENERALES. I.1.1 Nombre del Proyecto: El proyecto se denomina "Carretera Fierro del Toro-El Capulín-Jalatlaco". (página 52-59)