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Positive impacts of the project are summarized in table 7.2 (a) below. Impacts at the design and construction stage will manifest as follows:

Opportunities for technology transfer: The design phase of the project has seen intense consultations in which teams from the World Bank and the CDR have interacted in the design and development of project activities. By facilitating such forums, the project has already provided opportunities for information exchange and technology transfer in a process that has trickle down effects down to municipalities and all those associated with the project.

Better understanding of the baseline environment: Municipalities have been sensitized on the potential impacts of proposed investments as a result of which there is better awareness and understanding of issue of concern. As well, as a result of the ESMF process and attendant ESIA studies, a database on the environmental baseline of all Municipalities will be assembled and this will contribute to environmentally sustainable planning.

development planning in urban areas will be better coordinated leading to more efficient delivery of services.

Creation of employment and business opportunities for local residents: Construction projects are labour intensive and it is expected that the local residents who seek employment will have opportunities of working in these projects. Consultants will also benefit from the short-term opportunities occasioned by the design and supervision work on the sub-projects. Additionally, there will be business opportunities in the supply of construction material and provision of food to the construction workers.

Improvement of access routes into project target areas: The construction of access roads for motorised, non-motorised and paved walkways will improve the aesthetics of the project areas. Since the construction of roads will be built to the required standards, incidents of emergency vehicles not being able to access areas of distress will be minimised. Depending on the extent of paving, soil erosion and dust in the areas will be reduced, hence reduction in respiratory diseases that are brought about by dust.

Reduction in traffic accidents: Investment to improve and rehabilitate roadways and sidewalks will reduce incidence of traffic accidents. The same will reduce time wasted on congested urban roads.

Benefits of provision of bus parks: The main impact will manifest in decongestion of town roads when public vehicles reroute to the terminuses, which will also see the human traffic routed to the terminuses. Congestion in town streets and associated accidents, time wastage, etc will reduce while municipalities will now better correct revenue from public vehicles entering the new facilitates.

Benefits from provision of markets: Relocation of hawkers to a centralised market has potential to decongest towns from both human and motorised traffic, keeps the town clear of solid waste and provides for better management of the centralised waste. Provision of markets will provide opportunities for residents to trade and earn genuine income away from open air markets and could actually be used to compensate those relocated by construction works.

Benefits of provision of water-borne sewage network: Provision of water borne sewage will firstly cut of use of soak pit and pit latrines which are decidedly a major cause of groundwater pollution more so for shoreline towns where the groundwater is quite shallow. Waterborne sewage will also allow provision of more toilet facilities and thus, mitigate against haphazard disposal of human waste and attendant disease hazards.

Improved visibility and security at night: Installation of street lighting will be a major positive impact to the residents of the project areas. The lighting will enhance night vision to pedestrians, drivers, cyclists and other road users. Through the lighting, security is expected to improve and business persons are expected to open shop for longer hours.

Improved cleanliness and health, and time management: Availability of piped water and drainage system within the vicinity of residential areas implies that there will be less incidents of water borne diseases, thus improved health to the residents. Cleanliness too will be enhanced. The time that is spent fetching water will be greatly minimised and there will now be more time available to engage in more value adding activities.

Clean environment and reduction of land degradation: Project is advocating for Integrated Solid Waste Management system which will involve sensitising the residents on means to reducing waste from source, reuse, recycling, segregating waste, and storage awaiting transportation to the landfill sites. The component of the solid waste also advocates relocating the existing dumpsites to ‘safer’ areas away from the affected residential areas. The sites will have been freed of dumping activities will then be rehabilitated using remediation and planting of vegetation and trees. This will be a great step towards enhancement of environment.

Table 7.2 (1): Matrix for potential positive social and environmental impacts under the LMSEP

Investment Activity Primary Impact Secondary Impact Persistence Ranking Weighting

(i) General impacts at Design Stage

Creation of employment in design, construction and supervision

General Construction activities

Business opportunities from sale of construction materials Addition income to households Short-term High 2P Sensitizing society on environmental requirements

Could induce attitude change towards environmental conservation.

Long-term High 2P

Subjecting the entire project to this ESMF process

Generation of a database on social and physical environment of project

Improves public awareness Long-term Moderate P

Local setting and documentation of development priorities

Provides a forum for coordinated and rationalised development

Long-term High 2P

(ii) Positive impacts at construction and operation stage General impacts of

civil works

Construction activities Creation of employment in

design, construction and supervision

Addition income to all cadre of staff and their households

Short-term High 2P

Ease of access, movement and delivery of services

Improved aesthetics Long-term High 2P

Construction of key access roads in under- developed

neighbourhoods Reduction of dust incidence in _{paved areas} Clean environment with _{reduced dust} Long-term High 2P

Construction of paved walkways

Reduced incidence of traffic accidents to pedestrians and other NMT users

Reduced costs to society and state Long-term High 2P Rehabilitation of roads and sidewalks Installation and restoration of street lighting

Improved visibility in the night Improved security

Longer hours of business

Long-term High 2P

Order in public transport terminuses

Shortened distance to board public transport

Medium-Term Moderate P

Bus-parks and market

infrastructure

Provision of parking lots, markets, sanitation facilities, provision for cold stores, water supply facilities

Availability of essential commodities at operation sage

Increased and improved business opportunities

Investment Activity Primary Impact Secondary Impact Persistence Ranking Weighting Ease of maintaining cleanliness

due to availability of water and sanitation facilities

Hygiene improvement Long-term Medium 2P

Improved hygiene and sanitation Reduced water borne

diseases

Long Term High 2P

Construction of trunk sewers and storm water drains

Reduction on use of soak pits Reduction in groundwater

pollution Long-term High 2P Drainage / Sewage Infrastructure Construction of decentralised water supply systems

Improved access to potable water

Improved hygiene and sanitation

Long-term High 2P

Preparation for gradual closure of existing dumpsites

Removal of eyesore from vicinity of residential areas

Improvement of the environment of affected areas

Long-term High P

Establishment of new regional / town based sanitary landfills

Better management of solid waste

Standard system of solid waste management

Long-term Medium P

Energy recovery from waste Potential for clean

development mechanisms

Long-term High P

Development of waste energy plants

Possibility of new livelihoods/ enterprises based on recycling and recovery

Improved welfare Long-term High 2P

Enhancement of waste

collection and transportation systems

Cleaner towns and municipalities

Removal of related hazards

and employment opportunities

Long-term High 2P

Establishment of facilities for hazardous waste management

-do- -do- Long-term High 2P

Solid waste and environmental management

Restoration of degraded sites through soil remediation and re- vegetation

Decontamination of soil Improved aesthetics,

minimised chances of groundwater contamination, reduced risk to human health

Long-term High 2P