1.2 Formulación de problemas
2.2.2 Desempeño laboral
In this section, we bring together the policy implications of the evidence presented above,
showing where the evidence points to particular areas for intervention at a London level.
ESOL
A focus on ESOL clearly emerges from the literature as a key area of intervention. This gives
urgency to the requirement for a better understanding of the supply and demand of ESOL in
London – and, following from this, negotiating for appropriate resources to meet the
capital’s need, from employers as well as from central government. The emphasis in the
literature on what works is on overcoming barriers ensuring access in places and at times
that migrants, including those working anti social hours, can attend. Innovative practice
identified includes a focus on exit and progression routes; it requires a holistic or community
development approach that addresses the real integration needs of migrants, building
bridging capital and fostering habits of solidarity.
Housing
The evidence shows migrants disproportionately concentrated in the fast growing private
rented sector, with large numbers at risk of poor housing or of homelessness – but public
perception seeing them as unfairly accessing social housing. Two key actions, therefore,
emerge from the evidence: to facilitate the regulation of the private rented sector through
HMO inspections, on the one hand (more urgent in inner boroughs), and to facilitate greater
understanding around entitlements to the social sector. This latter is most urgently needed
in outer boroughs, and should be linked to a wider communication strategy as discussed
below.
Employment, skills and enterprise
On this topic, three areas of intervention clearly emerge from the literature. First, there is a
need for employment support targeted at the needs of migrants: personalised, holistic and
developmental, with an emphasis on sustainable employment rather than simply numbers
into jobs. Second, there is a need for action on exploitation and vulnerability. The GLA could
take a leadership role here, for example, by kitemarking in sectors on which it has a key
influence, such as the tourism and hospitality industry through Think London. London’s
advocacy of a Living Wage and its advocacy of regularisation are already exemplary
demonstrations of the city’s leadership role in this field. Third, there is a need for planning
employment support that takes account of the impact of migration on settled communities,
as the evidence shows that it is on the low‐skilled that any negative impacts of migration
fall.
Health and social care
The evidence points to a need for London‐wide planning in some key areas where migrant
care. This includes the need for greater clarity around entitlements, which again relates to
wider communication strategies as discussed below – the lack of clarity experienced by
migrants themselves and the lack of clarity which the evidence shows among some service
providers.
Community safety and cohesion
London has the potential to take a leadership role in developing a public
awareness/communication strategy, including communication of the benefits of migration
(as implied in the title of the strategy, London enriched), reassurance about the local costs
(myth‐busting), and addressing issue of entitlements and unfairness (the visible justice
urged by the Commission on Integration and Cohesion in 2006). The GLA’s place‐shaping
role can draw on a rich resource of London as a historical point of arrival, but the challenge
is to do this in a way which includes long‐settled Londoners. Working closely with the media
and with a range of stakeholders including local authorities, London can help reframe and
detoxify the public debate on immigration.334
Community development
The evidence suggests the importance of the role of migrant community organisations,
which need support, as well as the key role of local authority community development – but
also the need to harness the potential contribution of a wider range of stakeholders,
including trade unions and employers. These stakeholders have the capacity to promote the
voice of migrants, to reach the ‘hardest to reach’ migrants, to provide support and
leadership in this field, and to create spaces where migrants and others can interact and
build a shared future for all Londoners.
Equal life chances for all and partnership working
On this topic, the evidence points to three areas for intervention. Many of the above points
suggest the need for a comprehensive communication strategy. Key to this would be advice
and signposting on the entitlements of and services for the newly arrived, including
temporary stayers – communication targeted at the migrants themselves but also at service
providers and at members of the settled population who are vulnerable to myths about
migrant entitlements.335
Second, the evidence suggests the potential to mobilise partners, including an increased
role for migrant civic society, but also other stakeholders, such as community anchor
organisations, trade unions and employers, to work together on integration as a shared
responsibility of benefit for all. The GLA can embrace migrants within the implementation of
the statutory duty to promote racial equality and good race relations – and encourage its
partners to do so.
Finally, gaps in the evidence show that there is the need for the development of better
London‐level evidence on migration and integration, including but not limited to its costs
on entitlements for migrants might impede integration in London and add to rather than