DESPOTISMO

This library provides various standard control functions required in control diagrams. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

PI controller, dynamic

6.6.3.9 control of machines.clf Built-in Library

This library provides various standard control functions used for synchronous machines. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

exciter EXST1

This library provides various flip-flop functions that can be used in control diagrams. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

D, falling clock D, falling clock, full D, rising clock D, rising clock, full

D, unclocked D, unclocked, full J-K, falling clock J-K, falling clock, full J-K, rising clock J-K, rising clock, full J-K, unclocked J-K, unclocked, full S-R ideal, falling clock S-R ideal, falling clock, full S-R ideal, rising clock S-R ideal, rising clock, full S-R ideal, unclocked S-R ideal, unclocked, full S-R nand, falling clock S-R nand, falling clock, full S-R nand, rising clock S-R nand, rising clock, full S-R nand, unclocked S-R nand, unclocked, full S-R nor, falling clock S-R nor, falling clock, full S-R nor, rising clock S-R nor, rising clock, full S-R nor, unclocked S-R nor, unclocked, full T, falling clock

T, falling clock, full T, rising clock T, rising clock, full T, unclocked T, unclocked, full universal

6.6.3.11 hvdc.clf Built-in Library

This library provides various devices (building blocks) used in dc transmission studies. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

12-pulse blocking 12-pulse commutation v 12-pulse doubling 12-pulse firing

12-pulse firing (double pulsing) 12-pulse generator

6-pulse blocking 6-pulse commutation v 6-pulse doubling 6-pulse firing

6-pulse firing (double pulsing) 6-pulse generator

Bridge 6 pulse 6.6.3.12 lines.clf Built-in Library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device. Some devices can be 1-phase or 3-phase and some other devices can be multiphase.

Device name Function

CP 1-phase Constant parameter transmission line, 1-phase version CP 3-phase Constant parameter transmission line, 3-phase version CP double Constant parameter transmission line, double-circuit

CP m-phase Constant parameter transmission line, multiphase version Cable Data Model Data Function for cables

Corona Corona branch model

FD m-phase Frequency dependent line model, multiphase version FDQ m-phase Frequency dependent cable model, multiphase version

Ground Ground connection signal

Line Data Model Data Function for transmission lines WB fitter Wideband line/cable model fitter function WB m-phase Wideband line/cable model

6.6.3.13 machines.clf Built-in Library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

Device name Function

asynchronous machine ac machine, 3-phase

DC machine dc machine, 1-phase

Double Phase induction ac 1-phase machine Permanent magnet

synchronous

ac machine, 3-phase synchronous machines ac machine, 3-phase

6.6.3.14 meters.clf Built-in Library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device. These devices provide various metering functions.

Some devices are hard coded in EMTP and some others are created using subcircuits.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The term probe is used to indicate an interface between power and control diagrams.

Device name Function

Control signal meter Used within control diagrams Control signal scope Used to scope control signals Simulation probe Various simulation related data i scope and observe Current measurement

i(t) 3-phase probe Current measurement

i(t) probe Current measurement

p(t) and q(t) probe Instantaneous active and reactive power measurements

p(t) probe Instantaneous active power measurement

q(t) probe Instantaneous reactive power measurement

v scope (1 pin) Voltage scope

v scope (1 pin) small Voltage scope, symbol variation v scope (2 pins) Voltage scope, between 2 nodes v(t) 3-phase probe Voltage measurement

v(t) and i(t) 3-phase probe Voltage and current measurement v(t) and i(t) probe Voltage and current measurement

v(t) probe Voltage measurement

6.6.3.15 meters periodic.clf Built-in Library

This library provides various measurement functions based on periodic signals. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

I rms

I rms (with ic) I sequence positive I sequence zero I sequences P 1-phase

P 1-phase (with ic) P 3-phase

P 3-phase (with ic) P and Q 1-phase

P and Q 1-phase (with ic) P and Q 3-phase

P and Q 3-phase (with ic) Q 1-phase

Q 1-phase (with ic) Q 3-phase

Q 3-phase (with ic) V rms

V rms (with ic) V rms and I rms

V rms and I rms (with ic) V sequence positive

V sequence zero V sequences

6.6.3.16 nonlinear.clf Built-in Library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

Device name Function

Ground Ground connection signal

Hysteresis Fitter Model Data Function for Hysteresis branch Hysteretic reactor Hysteresis branch model

L nonlinear Nonlinear inductance L nonlinear data

function

Model Data Function for Nonlinear inductance R nonlinear Nonlinear resistance

R nonlinear controlled Controlled nonlinear resistance

R(t) Time-varying resistance

R(t) staircase Time-varying resistance

SiC SiC arrester model

ZnO ZnO arrester model

ZnO data function Model Data Calculation function for ZnO arrester ZnO grounded ZnO arrester with grounded pin

6.6.3.17 options.clf Built-in library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

This library provides various devices for controlling EMTP simulations and extra functions for EMTPWorks or data translation.

Device name Function

Data converter Data conversion functions Extra Frequency

points

Allows entering extra frequency points for the Frequency Scan option

Fixed Random Data Related to statistical analysis Input Impedance Used to calculate input impedance Input Output files Same as "EMTP>View Output Files"

Link Allows placing a link (hyperlink) on the design page. Use right-click menu Extras/Summary for setting the link and getting help.

MPLOT Waveform visualization program. Also uses for statistical analysis.

Run a case Runs existing EMTP Netlist files. Also has a translator function for EMTP-V3.

ScopeView Waveform visualization program, same as "EMTP>View Scopes".

Show Load-Flow Double click on this device to open the Load-Flow Web.

Show Simulation Web Double click on this device to open the simulation Web (Case Web).

Simulation Options Main EMTP simulation options. Same as "EMTP>Simulation Options". See help links on first data tab.

Simultaneous switching

Provides a simultaneous switching option.

Start EMTP Same as "EMTP>Start EMTP"

Stat Options Statistical analysis options

View Steady-State Allows to visualize the load-flow solution

6.6.3.18 phasors.clf Built-in Library

This library provides various phasor functions for control diagrams. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

instantaneous to phasor instantaneous to polar instantaneous to xy phasor add

phasor angle difference phasor angle sum phasor conjugate

phasor conjugate multiply phasor divide

phasor magnitude product phasor magnitude ratio phasor multiply

phasor resize phasor rotate phasor subtract phasor to frame phasor to polar phasor to x phasor to xy phasor to y polar conjugate

polar conjugate multiply polar divide

polar multiply polar resize polar rotate polar to phasor polar to xy

polar to xy (3-phase) xy add

xy resize xy rotate xy subtract xy to phasor xy to polar

xy to polar (3-phase) xy to polar (detailed)

6.6.3.19 sources.clf Built-in library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

This library provides source functions for power circuits. There are voltage and current sources.

The controlled sources are connectable to control diagrams.

Device name Function

Ground Ground connection

I ac ac current source

I ac grounded ac current source, symbol variation

I CIGRE Lightning source

I complex ramp Ramp current sources

I controlled Controlled current source

I dc dc current source

I dc grounded dc current source, symbol variation

I point-by-point Point-by-point current source

I ramp Ramp current source

I surge Surge current source

Load-Flow Bus Load-Flow device

V ac ac voltage source

V ac grounded ac voltage source, symbol variation

V ac grounded 3-phase ac voltage source, 3-phase version

V complex ramp Ramp voltage source

V controlled Controlled voltage source

V dc dc voltage source

V dc grounded dc voltage source, symbol variation

V point-by-point Point-by-point voltage source

V ramp Ramp voltage source

V surge Surge voltage source

V with Impedance ac voltage source with internal impedance

6.6.3.20 switches.clf Built-in library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

This library provides switch functions for power circuits. The controlled switches are connectable to control diagrams.

The list of devices is:

Airgap

Controlled gap Controlled switch Diode (ideal) Flashover switch Ideal closed switch Ideal switch Thyristor (ideal)

Thyristor (ideal) with GTO

6.6.3.21 symbols.clf Built-in library

This library presents a list of symbols for creating user-defined devices and annotations on the design drawing. The symbols are excluded from the Netlist by setting the Exclude attribute to 2.

You can use these symbols for subcircuits through the Symbol Editor (drag and drop) or you can attach subcircuits (see Attaching Subcircuit) by setting Exclude to blank.

6.6.3.22 transformations.clf Built-in library

This library provides various transformation functions for control diagrams. The devices are constructed using masked subcircuits. In addition to the mask (double-click on the device), you can access the contents of each subcircuit for more documentation on its design and functionalities.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

The list of devices is:

3-ph to dq0

3-ph to pos sequence (polar) 3-ph to pos sequence (xy) 3-ph to sequences (polar) 3-ph to sequences (xy) 3-ph to zero sequence (polar) 3-ph to zero sequence (xy) average (period)

average (period, with ic) dq0 to 3-ph

harmonic (xy)

harmonic (xy, polar, rms) harmonic THD

ic for first period

ic for first period multiple integral (period)

integral (period, with ic) power P

power P (with ic) power Q

power Q (with ic)

power S

power S (with ic) power p(t) power q(t) rms

rms (with ic)

sequences to 3-ph (polar) sequences to 3-ph (xy)

6.6.3.23 transformers.clf

Built-in library

Help on each device is available from the Help tab of the device.

Some subcircuits may be locked; you can unlock them using the method described in Locking and Unlocking Subcircuits.

If you modify a device from this library after placing into the design, it will become different from its original library version and its functionality will be altered. See also Subcircuit Uniqueness and Encapsulation.

Device name Function

Data from BCTRAN Transformer Model Data Function Data from Eddy Transformer Model Data Function

Data from EMTP-V3 files Transformer Model Data Function, using EMTP-V3 files Data from FDBFIT Frequency dependent Transformer Model Data Function Data from TOPMAG Transformer Model Data Function

Data from TRELEG Transformer Model Data Function DD nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol

DY +30 nameplate input O Delta-Wye +30 degrees transformer, masked subcircuit DY -30 nameplate input O Delta-Wye -30 degrees transformer, masked subcircuit DYg +30 nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol

DYg -30 nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol

ideal unit Ideal unit, primitive building block, EMTP built-in model

ideal unit m-windings Ideal multiphase unit, primitive building block, EMTP built-in model Nonideal unit 4-pin nonideal transformer unit. Double-click on this device to see

its contents.

YD +30 nameplate input O Wye-Delta +30 degrees, transformer, masked subcircuit YD -30 nameplate input O Wye-Delta -30 degrees, transformer, masked subcircuit YgD +30 nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol

YgD -30 nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol YgDD nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol YgYg nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol YgYgD nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol

YY nameplate input O Same as above, different symbol ZigZag grounding Zig-Zag grounding transformer

ZigZag grounding no g Same as above, but with floating ground pin

6.7 Creating and Editing Signals

6.7.1 Signals

In EMTPWorks, a signal represents the electrical connection between any number of device pins.

A signal can simply be represented on a schematic by a single line or a number of connected line segments, or more complex structures such as connection by name, busses, bundles, phases or cross-page connectors and hierarchy blocks can be used to simplify the representation of large designs. In this chapter, we will look at simple signals and connection by name within a single circuit page. Bundles and multipage signal interconnection schemes are covered in Bundles and Inter-page Connections respectively.

6.7.2 Interconnecting Signals

If you draw a signal line such that the end of the line contacts a second signal line, then those two signals will be interconnected. If both of the two signals being connected were named manually and not automatically, then you will be prompted to choose the name of the resulting signal.

Whenever three or more line segments belonging to the same signal meet at a given point, an intersection dot will be placed at that point automatically.

NOTE: For efficiency, signals are only checked for connections at their endpoints and only signals actively being edited are checked.

In addition to connecting by drawing a signal, a device can be connected to a signal by moving the device near the signal and touching the signal with its compatible pin. This is called connect-by-proximity. Under some circumstances when entire circuit sections or devices are moved near or over other circuit sections, the connect-by-proximity can become a nuisance, and can be turned-off by holding down the Ctrl key after starting the move.

Drawing From an Existing Line or a Device Pin

A line can be extended from the end of an existing line or device pin using the normal cursor.

Click and hold on the end of the pin and drag away from the pin. A pair of right-angle lines will follow the cursor away from the pin and long as the mouse button is pressed. Releasing the mouse button makes these lines permanent. If the end of the line (i.e. the point where the mouse button was released) touches another signal line, a connection will be made at that point.

Alternate line routing methods can be activated by pressing the Ctrl and Alt keys after starting to draw, as follows:

The Shift key constrains the movement to a single vertical or horizontal line. The Ctrl key inverts the order of line drawing, and the Alt key switches to three line segments with a center break.

Holding the Ctrl key while clicking will inhibit checking for pin connections. This allows you to select the signal again and drag it to a new position without affecting any existing connections.

Creating an Unconnected Signal Line

The Draw Signal cursor can be used to create an unattached signal line, or can be used to extend an existing signal. Simply click anywhere in the schematic and drag away in the desired direction. Unlike the Point mode drawing method, above, the mouse button does not have to be held while creating signals in this mode. Double-clicking terminates the signal line.

Note that the tip of a signal which is not physically connected is a T-shape.

Editing a Signal Line

The following features are available to edit signal lines:

ƒ Zap mode (entered by selecting the Zap command in the Edit menu or the Zap item in the toolbar) allows you to remove any single line segment from a signal connection.

Zapping on a signal line removes only the line segment being pointed at, up to the nearest intersection, device pin or segment join point.

ƒ Selecting a signal line (by clicking anywhere along its length) and hitting delete or selecting the Clear command removes an entire signal trace.

ƒ Drawing backwards along the length of an existing line causes the line to be shortened to end at the point where you let the button go.

ƒ Clicking and dragging the middle of a signal line segment with the pointer cursor allows you to reposition the line. Vertical lines can be moved horizontally and vice versa.

ƒ The pointer cursor can be used to start drawing from the ends or corners of an existing signal.

ƒ The Draw Signal cursor can be used to start drawing from anywhere along an existing signal line. Double-clicking terminates drawing.

Checking connectivity

A single-click on a signal highlights the signal and shows its connectivity.

Double-clicking anywhere along a signal line will cause that signal segment and all logically connected segments on the current page to be selected.

Holding the CTRL button and double-clicking on a device selects the entire interconnected circuit, but not the virtually connected circuit (see Connecting Signals by Name). The selected circuit can be moved around using the mouse pointer (hold down any device and move) or the keyboard

Holding the CTRL button and double-clicking on a device selects the entire interconnected circuit, but not the virtually connected circuit (see Connecting Signals by Name). The selected circuit can be moved around using the mouse pointer (hold down any device and move) or the keyboard

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