DESVIRTUALIZACIÓN DEL CONCEPTO DE SUBVENCIÓN

Exercise 1

D. 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F

Exercise 2

1. c 2. a 3. f 4. g 5. d 6. i 7. e 8. b

Exercise 3

1. be regarded as 2. impression 3. appearance 4. tend

5. assume 6. actually 7. overcome 8. involved

Exercise 4

1. meet 2. now 3. inform 4. application

5. registered as 6. expensive 7. unhappy 8. open to

Exercise 5

1. overcome 2. analyze

3. complex 4. intense

5. access 6. impression

7. intention

Exercise 6

Noun Verb Adjective

Negative

Adjective Adverb

1. access,

accessibility access accessible inaccessible X

2. actuality actualize actual X actually

3. analysis analyze analytical X analytically

4. appearance appear apparent X apparently

5. assumption assume X X X

6. complexity X complex X complexly

7. impression impress impressive unimpressive impressively

8. intensity intensify intense X intensely

9. intention intend intentional,

intended

unintentional, unintended

intentionally, unintentionally 10. involvement involve involving, involved uninvolved X 11. limitation,

limit limit limited unlimited X

12. tendency tend X X X

UNIT 5

Reading Longer Passages

(The wording and selection of ideas may vary.)

Exercise 1

A. Overall idea: A cyclist who was hit by the patrol car of police offi cer Louis Ramos has brought charges against him for driving away without reporting the accident.

B. Overall pattern: Sequence C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Offi cer Ramos was driving the wrong way on a one-way street; drove through a red light 2. Ramos and partner got out of car, pulled the cyclist over to the sidewalk, drove off without

reporting the accident or calling an ambulance

3. The cyclist suffered cuts and bruises, a broken nose and wrist.

4. Ramos pleaded not guilty; he and Anderson suspended without pay.

Exercise 2

1. A. Overall idea: The three children who were lost all last night were found this icy morning.

B. Overall pattern: Problem-solution, sequence C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. The children spent night in swamp

2. Rescuers out all night searching in the swamp; George Hammond brought back the children

3. An ambulance brought them to Plymouth Hospital; minor injuries, in good condition 4. Police had high-tech equipment, but common sense led to children.

5. The children said they were very afraid at times.

2. A. Overall idea: Police carried out one of the biggest operations ever against the ‘Ndrangheta, currently one of the most powerful Italian crime organizations.

B. Overall pattern: Problem-solution C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Among those arrested: the organization’s boss of bosses, the leader of the Milan branch, local government offi cials

2. Those arrested are charged with criminal association, murder, arms, and drug traffi cking.

3. ‘Ndrangheta, based in Calabria, property and political infl uence in north of Italy, increasing wealth from drugs from South America

4. ‘Ndrangheta reach far beyond Italy’s borders, in Australia and Canada 5. Operation struck signifi cant blow to leadership and fi nances

6. Revenue of Italy’s main crime groups is 135 billion euros = 9 percent of Italy’s gross domestic product

Exercise 3

A. Overall idea: France has for centuries had a reputation for culinary excellence and Britain for some of the worst cooking in the world. But according to a recent poll, that reputation may no longer refl ect reality.

B. Overall pattern: Comparison C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Results of poll suggest British spend more time cooking and produce greater variety of dishes than French.

2. Reaction in London enthusiastic. Lulu Grimes: British food greatly improved, home cooks range of ingredients, preparing new dishes; Marilyn Jarmon: improvement in British food, eats well in London, greater diversity now

3. Some French say survey is not the whole picture. Jeannine Loiret: French women cook less during the week but more on weekends; Jean-Paul Belmonde: people in Paris don’t cook much, but elsewhere cooking is still important at the heart of daily life; Bernard Blier: British food is not very refi ned. I’m not a fan at all.

Exercise 4

1. A. Overall idea: Ninety percent of the human race is affected by motion sickness of one kind or another.

B. Overall pattern: Problem-solution C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Motion sickness when the brain cannot make sense of the messages, so sends signals to stomach that something wrong

2. Preventative measures: eat lightly before a trip, snack often on plain foods, avoid alcoholic and carbonated drinks, high-fat foods, and spices.

3. Location of seat is important; plane—sit near the wings; car—sit in the front seat and keep the windows open; boat—stay outside or at the front and look ahead

4. People can take various medications.

5. Take measures even if you’ve never had motion sickness before.

2. A. Overall idea: Online dating has gone mainstream and academics are analyzing it.

B. Overall pattern: Part problem-solution, part comparison C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Dr. Jeff Gavin researched how we talk and relate to people through computers and the Internet.

2. People found ways to overcome limitations of online communication by noticing other cues.

3. Gavin compared members of UK and Japanese online dating sites: the Japanese more indirect with body language, silence, social cues; Western communication depends more on content.

4. Japanese online daters overcome lack of social information by developing their own cues.

5. Japanese use Internet differently than British; access it more from mobile phones.

6. Bad situations used to happen with people lying about their appearance, but that happens less now.

7. People make improvements to their profi les, but that’s normal like before going out at night.

Exercise 5

A. Overall idea: The homeless are among the extremely poor.

B. Overall pattern: Cause/effect, comparison (and Defi nition) C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. Peter Rossi’s study: Most are African American men in mid-30s. Other studies: women and families with children, alcohol and drug abusers, people who are mentally ill

2. The homeless today differ in some ways from the homeless of the 1950s and 1960s: more families; more visible because more likely to sleep on the streets

3. Homelessness today the result of at least three social forces: (1) less inexpensive housing;

(2) less demand for unskilled labor; (3) government has cut back on public welfare benefi ts

Exercise 6

A. Overall idea: The law of demand says that when the price of something is lower, consumers will buy more of it. When the price is higher, consumers will buy less of it.

B. Overall pattern: Cause/effect (or Defi nition) C. Supporting facts and ideas:

1. The price of something will strongly infl uence your decision to buy it.

2. The law of demand is not the result of one pattern of behavior, but of two separate patterns that overlap

3. The Substitution Effect: A consumer reacts to a rise in the price of one good by consuming less of that good and more of a substitute good.

4. The Income Effect: Rising prices make us feel poorer so we buy less; lower prices make us feel wealthier, so we buy more.

FOV