Determinación in vitro de la afinidad por el receptor de andrógenos y de la

6.3.1 Existing Conditions

The Quilcene Drop Box is the one drop box station remaining in operation in Jefferson County. Four other drop box stations were closed in 1998 and 1999, including the Port Hadlock, Brinnon, Clearwater and Coyle facilities, due to excessive operating costs. Two of these facilities were on land leased from the DNR and will not continue to be used. These sites have been closed by removing buildings, but fencing and power have been left in place. The Port Hadlock site is owned by the County and has been converted to a recycling drop-off facility. The Brinnon site is also owned by the County and will be used for a Public Works storage yard.

The one remaining drop box station, in Quilcene, is located off of Highway 101 about 23 miles south of the Jefferson County Transfer Station. The Quilcene Drop Box handled 185.23 tons of waste from 2,908 vehicles in 1998, and took in $29,934.38 in revenues from tipping fees for this waste. Jefferson County owns and operates the Quilcene Drop Box, but has a contract with Olympic Disposal to haul full containers of waste to the Jefferson County Transfer Station. This site is staffed and the current hours of operation are from 1 to 5 p.m. Monday, Wednesday and Friday, and 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on Saturday. Fees charged at this facility range from $2.87 for a mini- can or $4.78 for a 32-gallon can, up to $26.29 per cubic yard for larger loads. A few items have separate or additional charges, such as car tires ($4.78), truck tires ($5.98) and refrigerators ($19.12). All of these fees are excluding taxes.

6.3.2 Needs and Opportunities

With the recent closure of most of the drop box stations, there may be service gaps in some parts of the County. This may be true for recycling as well as solid waste, since recycling containers at the drop boxes are an important opportunity for recycling. Collection services for garbage and recyclable materials are available, however, throughout the County from private companies. Periodic evaluations of possible service gaps throughout the County will be necessary due to population growth and other factors.

As with the primary transfer station (see Section 3.4.2), more education is probably needed to inform customers of the Quilcene Drop Box as to the materials that cannot be brought there, and the alternatives that exist for the proper disposal or handling of those materials.

According to State law (36.58.030 RCW), drop boxes need to be financially self-supporting, and disposal fees charged at the Quilcene Drop Box may need to be increased in the future to meet this

6.3.3 Alternative Methods

Operation or ownership of drop box sites can be by either the public or private sector.

An option for serving the residents of the County’s west end would be to implement a regional effort with Clallam and possibly also Grays Harbor Counties. The west end of Clallam County is in a similar position as to both distance from the primary disposal facility and low volumes of wastes disposed, and is currently being served partly by a separate waste export system. The waste export containers for Clallam County’s west end are being transported south through Jefferson County, and so there may be an opportunity to include Jefferson County’s west end in this system. This concept is being called the “north-south corridor”, and actual implementation of this option would require that several details be resolved, such as maintaining the interests and involvement of several private companies and municipal agencies.

In areas once served by drop boxes, residents and businesses can instead use garbage and recycling services provided by franchise haulers or self-haul to facilities that are still open.

6.3.4 Recommendations

The following recommendation is made for the transfer system in Jefferson County (see also Recommendations WE1 and PE4):

T1) The County should continue to evaluate options for maintaining drop box service in the unincorporated areas of the County.

6.3.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs

The only immediate cost for the continued evaluation of drop box service options is a limited amount of staff time (for existing staff). If a new site were developed, however, there would be significant capital expenses (for land, building, equipment, etc.) and other costs (such as grading and other site preparation, access control measures, and utilities).

CHAPTER 7: DISPOSAL

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The solid waste management activities discussed in this chapter are organized into three additional sections based on the type of disposal method:

7.2 Incineration 7.3 In-County Landfilling 7.4 Waste Import/Export

7.2 INCINERATION

Incineration can be used to reduce the amount of waste requiring landfill disposal. When used with an energy recovery system, it can also be a method of producing electricity and/or heat.

Pyrolysis involves heating waste or other materials to high temperatures in the absence of oxygen. The lack of oxygen is the factor that separates pyrolysis (and other types of thermal oxidation methods) from traditional incineration technologies. Some would argue that pyrolysis is not equivalent to other types of incineration, but the basic principles (the application of heat to reduce solid waste volumes and the production of residues such as ash) are sufficiently similar that pyrolysis is included in this section.

Incineration Activities in Jefferson County

According to the Olympic Air Pollution Control Authority (OAPCA 1999), there are currently no incinerators in Jefferson County permitted for general solid waste. There are two facilities

permitted to burn wood waste as hog fuel, Allen Logging and Port Townsend Paper Company, and Jefferson County Animal Services has a permit to operate a veterinary incinerator. The flare station for landfill gas at the closed Jefferson County Landfill also has an air quality permit. There are no hospitals or clinics that currently have permits to incinerate biomedical waste.

Existing Incinerators in Other Areas

A number of incinerators have operated in other parts of the state. Spokane County and the City of Spokane jointly operate an incinerator using “mass burn” technology. This facility is functioning well although it has experienced occasional problems with air quality, and the cost of operation has not dropped to the lower levels of earlier projections. As a result, the Spokane area has one of the highest disposal costs in the state. The City of Tacoma was incinerating part of its garbage until early 1998, using a Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) process to prepare it for incineration and energy recovery at a local power plant. This process was problematic and was discontinued for a time, but was recently revived through a new management structure. Incinerators in Skagit and Whatcom

7.2.2 Needs and Opportunities

There is a need for disposal of solid wastes now and in the future, although these needs are currently being met satisfactorily by the waste export system.

A recent report concluded that health risks from incinerators need to be more fully researched (C&EN 1999).

7.2.3 Alternative Methods

There are several options and variations possible with incineration. These options include different technologies, waste streams, and system and equipment designs. Incineration of solid waste is an effective method of volume reduction, although the greater expense of incineration compared to other solid waste disposal methods is a limiting factor. Incineration is generally considered where there are environmental concerns with other disposal options, a market exists for energy recovered from waste combustion, and/or where population densities are high and land is scarce. At the present time, there appear to be no factors that would favor incineration in Jefferson County over other disposal methods.

7.2.4 Recommendations

No recommendations are being made for incineration. Any incineration projects that may be proposed in the future will need to be evaluated based on an objective review of the potential impacts to human health and environmental quality, as well as a comparison to alternative disposal methods.

7.2.5 Implementation Schedules and Costs

The potential value of incineration should be reassessed in all future revisions of this CSWMP.