DIAGNOSTICO DE LOCALIDADES POBLADAS - DIRECCIÓN DE PLANEAMIENTO

mammals.

Statement B : All placental mammals have

menstrual cycle.

(a) Statement A is true and statement B is false (b) Statement B is true and statement A is false (c) Both the statements A and B are true (d) Both the statements A and B are false

36. Population density of terrestrial organisms is measured in terms of individual per

(a) meter3 (b) meter4 (c) meter (d) meter2 37. Nitrogenous waste products are eliminated mainly as

(a) urea in tadpole and uric acid in adult frog (b) urea in adult frog and ammonia in tadpole (c) urea in tadpole as well as in adult frog (d) urea in tadpole and ammonia in adult frog 38. In man, the blue eye colour is reces sive to the brown eye colour. If the boy has brown eye and his mother is blue eyed, what would be the phenotype of his father ? (a) black eye (b) brown eye

(a) translocation of food due to TP gradient and imbibition force

(b) translocation of food due to Turgor Pressure (TP) gradient

40. Interferons are

(a) anti-bacterial protein (b) anti-viral protein (c) complex protein (d) anti-clotting protein 41. The first process by which water enters into the seed coat when a seed is placed in suitable environment for germination is

(a) osmosis (b) active transport (c) absorption (d) imbibition

42 is the taxon, which is likely to move into endangered category in near future, if conditions prevail as it is

(a) vulnerable (b) endanger (c) rare (d) extinct

43. A localised inflammatory response appears at the

site of infection causes redness, swelling, pain and heat due to certain chemical, they are

(a) histamine and prostaglandins

(b) cerumen and mucus (c) histamine and cerumen (d) prostaglandins and cerumen

44. Non-keratinised stratified epithelium occurs in (a) vagina, cervix and buccal cavity

(b) vagina, cervix, buccal cavity and anus

(a) crypts of Leiberkuhn (b) Brunner's gland (c) both (a) & (b) (d) none of these

46. Synthesis of food in C4 p a t h w a y occurs in chlorophyll of

(a) guard cells (b) bundle sheath (c) spongy mesophyll (d) palisade cells

47. The sequence of structural gene in lac operon concept is

(a) lac A, lac Y, lac Z (b) lac A, lac Z, lac Y (c) lac Y, lac Z, lac A (d) lac Z, lac Y, lac A 48. Pericarp and placentae are edible part of simple fleshy berry fruit

(a) jack fruit (b) banana (c) tomato (d) date palm

49. In the diagram, which of the following processes are shown in Amoeba ?

(b) is irreplaceable and indispensable for growth of plants

(a) lesser than tidal volume (b) greater than inspiratory volume (c) greater than vital capacity (d) greater than tidal volume 52. Find the odd example.

(a) sea lily (b) sea fan

(c) 53. (a) ( b ) (c)

(d)

54. (a) ( b ) (c) s e a c u c u m b e r ( d ) s e a u r c h i n W h i c h o n e i s c o r r e c t ? b l o o d = p l a s m a + R B C + W B C + b l o o d p l a t e l e t s p l a s m a = b l o o d - l y m p h o c y t e s n e u r o n = c y t o n 4- d e n d r i t e + a x o n + s y n a p s e l y m p h = p l a s m a + R B C + W B C In t h e g i v e n d i a g r a m n a m e t h e parts A , B, C a n d D. A - g e r m p o r e , B - G e n e r a t i v e cell, C - i n t i n e , D - e x i n e , E - v e g e t a t i v e cell A - g e r m p o r e , B - g e n e r a t i v e c e l l , C - e x i n e , D - i n t i n e , E - v e g e t a t i v e cell A - i n t i n e , B - e x i n e , C - g e r m p o r e , D - g e n e r a t i v e cell, E - v e g e t a t i v e cell A - e x i n e , B - i n t i n e , C - v e g e t a t i v e cell, D p o r e , E - g e n e r a t i v e cell T h e l a r g e s t R B C ' s h a v e b e e n s e e n in e l e p h a n t ( b ) w h a l e a m p h i b i a ( d ) m a n N u c l e i c a c i d o c c u r s in g o l g i b o d y ( b ) l y s o s o m e s c y t o p l a s m m i t o c h o n d r i a a n d c h l o r o p l a s t • g e r m ( d ) 55. (a) (c) 56. (a) (c) ( d ) 57. T h e n u m b e r o f m i t o t i c cell d i v i s i o n r e q u i r e d t o p r o d u c e 2 5 6 c e l l s from s i n g l e cell w o u l d b e (a) 10 ( b ) 12 (c) 6 ( d ) 8 58. T h e c e n t r a l d o g m a o f p r o t e i n s y n t h e s i s i n t e m i n i o u s is (a) ( b ) (c) ( d ) 59. (a) ( b ) (c) ( d ) 6 0 . g . R N A —> D N A m - R N A —» p r o t e i n D N A G - R N A m - R N A p r o t e i n D N A D N A -H> m - R N A p r o t e i n m - R N A - > g . R N A D N A p r o t e i n I n t i s s u e c u l t u r e r o o t s c a n b e i n d u c e d b y l o w e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c y t o k i n i n a n d h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a u x i n s o n l y c y t o k i n i n a n d n o a u x i n s n o c y t o k i n i n a n d o n l y a u x i n s h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f c y t o k i n i n a n d l o w e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f a u x i n s , c (a) (b) (c) (d) A - o v i d u c t , B - u t e r u s , C - o u t d u c t , D - o v a r y A - cervix, B - u t e r u s , C - ovary, D - t u m o r A - u t e r u s , B - u t e r i n e cavity, C - o v i d u c a l f u n n e l , D - o v a r y A - c e r v i x , B - u t e r i n e cavity, C - f a l l o p i a n t u b e , D - o v a r y

ANSWERS

1. (d) : Self fertilization is fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) produced by the same individual. Self-fertilization occurs in bisexual organisms, including most flowering plants, numerous protozoans, and many invertebrates.

Flukes are hermaphrodites, meaning each worm has both ovaries and testes. Probably cross fertilization is the rule, but self fertilization is certainly a possibility. In any case, it means that every individual is capable of producing fertilized eggs, certainly an advantage in species in which a high reproductive output is required.

2. (a) : Rauwolfia serpentina (Sarpagandha) belongs to family Apocyanaceae. About 30 alkaloids are extracted from roots of this plant, out of which "reserpine" is the most important one having sedative influence and is used in lowering the blood pressure. 3. (b) : The figure denotes non-cyclic photophosphorylations that involves both PS-I (reaction centre-700) and PS-II (reaction centre- 680). The electrons released from PS II is not cycled back but is transported to PS-I through a series of chemical compounds. Before reaching PS-I, the electrons pass through plastocyanin.

4. (d) : ABO system is one of the most important human "blood

group systems. The system is based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B on the surface of red blood cells and antibodies against these in blood serum. A person whose blood contains either or both of these antibodies cannot receive a transfusion of blood containing the corresponding antigens as this would cause the red cells to clump.

Phenotypes and genotypes of ABO blood groups are -

Phenotype Genotype A B AB O IAIA or IA i IB IB or IB i jAJB

5. (d) : Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative soil

bacterium that infects a wide range of plants and causes tumorous growths (galls), especially at the root/stem junction (crown gall). It is of interest because the bacterial cells contain a plasmid, the Ti plasmid (tumour-inducing plasmid), a segment of which is transferred to cells of the plant host. This T-DNA (transfer DNA) segment, which comprises the genes responsible for the tumorous growth, becomes integrated into the genome of infected plant cells. Possession of the Ti plasmid has made A. tumefaciens an important tool in genetic engineering for the introduction of foreign genes into plant tissue.

6. (a) : In each turn of the double helix structure of DNA, there

are 10 base pairs each placed at a distance of 3.4 A. Hpnce, if the length of DNA has 45,000 bp, the complete turns of DNA molecule is 4,500.

7. (a) : Dedifferentiation is a phenomenon of reversion of

differentiated cells or nuclei to non-differentiated (often meristematic) cells or nuclei.

8. (b) : In dicotyledonous roots, a well developed pericycle lies

below endodermis which gives rise to lateral roots, part of vascular cambium and whole cork cambium. Pericycle functions as the site of lateral root initiation.

9. (c) : A bulbourethral gland (or Cowper's gland) is one of two small exocrine glands present in the reproductive system of human males. They are homologous to Bartholin's glands in females. Bulbourethral glands are located posterior and lateral to the membranous portion of the urethra at the base of the penis, between the two layers of the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, in the deep perineal pouch.

The bulbourethral glands are compound tubuloalveolar glands, each approximately the size of a pea.

During sexual arousal each gland produces a clear, viscous secretion known as pre-ejaculate. This fluid helps to lubricate the urethra for spermatozoa to pass through, and to help flush out any residual urine or foreign matter.

10. (c) : When the concentration of the soil solutes is low, the absorption of water is increased. This is due to diffusion of water inside the absorbing cell. This is because water moves from high concentration (of water) to low concentration (of water). So when the soil has less solute the water concentration must be more and thus absorption of water by the cell will be more at the relatively high content of water.

11. (a) : Lenticels are some loosely arranged areas in the periderm.

Due to more activity of certain portions of phellogen, the phellem cells are cut off very rapidly and hence these cells are loosely arranged with much intercellular spaces. These loosely arranged cells are called complementary cells and loosely arranged areas in the periderm, are called lenticels.

12. (a) : Sterilization refers to any process that effectively kills or

eliminates transmissible agents (such as fungi, bacteria, virus ana prions) from a surface, equipment, foods, medications or biological culture medium. Sterilization can be achieved through application of heat, chemicals, irradiation or filtration. A widely used method for heat sterilization is the autoclave. Autoclaves commonly use steam heated to 121°C (250°F), at 103 kPa (15 psi) above atmospheric pressure. Solid surfaces are effectively sterilized when in this temperature for at least 15 minutes or to 134°C for a minimum of 3 minutes. This method is used in sterilizing tissue culture medium.

13. (c)

14. (b) : Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an English naturalist.

In 1831, Darwin got an opportunity to travel on H.M.S. Beagle (a ship in which Charles Darwin sailed around the world) for a voyage of world exploration.

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), another English naturalist, also travelled widely, and studied the fauna and flora of South America and South East Asia. Evolutionary ideas similar to those of Darwin developed in Wallace's mind. The thinking of both Darwin and Wallace in respect of organic evolution was similar. In 1859, Wallace's paper and a summary of Darwin theory together appeared in the Journal of the proceedings of Linnean Society. Finally in 1859, Darwin published his observations and conclusions under the name "Origin of species by Natural Selection".

15. (a) : History of auxins dates back to Darwin (1886). He took Avena seedling and placed it under a dark chamber with a hole

(through which light enters). After sometimes the tip bent towards light (hole). But when the tip was cut, no bending was observed. Therefore, some substances are secreted in tip, due to which bending was there. The substances secreted in the tip are soluble in water (gelatin). The substances secreted in the tip are translocated downwards and caused cell elongation in half portion and hence bending was observed in opposite direction. F.W. Went was the first person to name these substances at tip as auxins. Auxins are the chemical substances which are responsible for elongation of shoot cells. Auxins predominantly show basipetal movement (from shoot apex to base), however, acropetal movement is also seen (from root to shoot). This is called polar transport of auxins.

16. (a) : The class deuteromycetes or deuteromycota is also known

as "Fungi imperfecti". It is an artificial group, which lacks the sexual stages.

17. (b) : Krebs cycle is also called as citric acid cycle. It occurs

in mitochondria and starts with 6 carbon compounds. The intermediate compound which links glycolysis with Krebs cycle is pyruvic acid.

18. (d) : Loss of half of the leaves of tree provide maximum harm

to tree because rate of transpiration slows down and metabolic activity is also lowered but the plants remains alive in stressed condition.

19. (b) : In the given diagram ' D ' represent the vena cava. Vena

cava is either of the two large veins that carry deoxygenated blood into the right atrium.

20. (b)

21. (d) : Edaphology is one of the two main branches of soil

science, the other being pedology. Edaphology is concerned with the influence of soils on living things, particularly plants. The term is also applied to the study of how soil influences man's overall use of the land. General subfields within edaphology are agricultural soil science and environmental soil science.

22. (c) : Melatonin is a hormone derived from serotonin and

secreted by the pineal gland and retinas of vertebrates. Melatonin secretion by the pineal is linked to the dark-light cycle of the organism's environment, being greatest at night and lowest by day. The hormone is involved in regulating certain diurnal and seasonal changes in the body, such as the reproductive cycle in seasonally breeding animals. Melatonin also controls pigmentation changes; it triggers aggregation of the pigment melanin into melanophores in the skin, causing the skin to turn pale.

23. (c)

Tall plants with Dwarf plants with round seeds wrinkled seeds

TTRR ttrr

gametes —

TtRr — F, generation Tall plant with

round seeds

Therefore, the proportion of dwarf plants with wrinkled seed is zero.

24. (d) : The major carbohydrates making up the primary cell

wall are cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. The cellulose microfibrils are linked via hemicellulose to form the cellulose- hemicellulose network, which is embedded in the pectin matrix. The most common hemicellulose in the primary wall is xyloglucans. The three primary polymers that make up plant cell walls consist of about 35-50% cellulose, 20-35% hemicellulose and 10-25% lignin that fills the spaces in the cell wall between cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin components.

25. (a): All members ofthe phylum Chordata exhibit the following

four major morphological features at some stage of their life cycle.These are - notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharyngeal slits, and post-anal tail.

The post-anal tail is a muscular region of the body that extends beyond the anus. In non-chordates the digestive tract usually extends the entire length of the body and the anus is typically positioned at the posterior end of the body (an earthworm is a good example of this type of body plan). The chordate post-anal tail includes skeletal support and musculature that improves the locomotion of many aquatic chordate species.

26. (b) : The term cytoplasm and nucleoplasm were given by

Strasburger. Cytoplasm is a gelatinous, semi-transparent fluid that "fills" most cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus that is kept separate from the cytoplasm by a double membrane layer. The cytoplasm has three major elements; the cytosol, organelles and inclusions. The cytosol is the semi-transparent fluid in which the other cytoplasmic elements are suspended. Cytosol makes up about 80% of the cell and is composed of water, salts, organic molecules, and enzymes that are necessary for the cell to catalyze reactions. The organelles are the metabolic machinery o f t h e cell and are like little organs themselves. The inclusions are chemical substances that store nutrients, secretory products and pigment granules. The cytoplasm is the site where most cellular activities are done. All the functions for cell expansion, growth and replication are carried out in the cytoplasm o f t h e cell.The cytosol has enzymes that takes molecules and breaks them down , so that the individual organelles can use them as they need to. The cytosol also contains the cytoskeleton which gives the cell its shape and can help in the movement of the cell.

Similar to the cytoplasm of a cell, the nucleus contains nucleoplasm or nuclear sap. It is enveloped by the nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope. The nucleoplasm is a highly viscous liquid that surrounds the chromosomes and nucleoli. Many substances such as nucleotides (necessary for purposes such as the replication of DNA) and enzymes (which direct activities that take place in the nucleus) are dissolved in the nucleoplasm. A network of fibres known as the nuclear matrix can also be found in the nucleoplasm. The nucleoplasm is partly made up of nucleohyaloplasm.

27. (b) : Thistle funnel whose mouth is tied with parchment paper

is the physiological experiment of osmosis. Parchment paper is a semipermeable membrane which allows all solvents but no solute to pass through them.

28. (c) : Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway by which a 6-carbon

glucose molecule is oxidized to two molecules of pyruvic acid. It is the initial process of most carbohydrate catabolism, and it serves three principal functions:

- The generation of high-energy molecules (ATP and NADH) as cellular energy sources as part of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. - Production of pyruvate for the citric acid cycle as part of aerobic respiration.

- The production of a variety of six- and three-carbon intermediate compounds, which may be removed at various steps in the process for other cellular purposes.

In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, glycolysis takes place within the cytosol of the cell. In plant cells some of the glycolytic reactions are also found in the Calvin-Benson cycle which functions inside the chloroplasts.

The net gain of ATP during glycolysis is 2. In glycolysis

(i) ATP produced by oxidation at substrate level. Step-6 : 1, 3, diphosphoglycerate to

3, phosphohlyceric acid ( 1 x 2 = 2) 2 ATP Step-9 : Phosphoenol pyruvate to

Pyruvate (1 * 2 = 2) 2 ATP Total ATP produced 4 ATP

(ii) ATP consumed

Step-1 : Glucose to glucose-6-phosphate 1 ATP Step-3 : Fructose 6-phosphate to

Fructose 1-6 diphosphate 1 ATP Total ATP consumed 2 ATP Net Gain of ATP

(4 ATP - 2 ATP) = 2 ATP

29. (d) : Coronary heart disease is due to insufficient blood supply

to the heart muscle. Main function of the coronary arteries is to supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle and remove C 02

and other metabolic wastes. But due to narrowing and hardening of these arteries due to accumulation of fatty deposits, lead to clot formation and resulting in the blockage of blood supply to a part of heart. These includes angina pectoris, heart attack and rheumatic heart disease.

30. (b) : Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, situated amidst the gentle

slopes at the foothills of the Himalayas in India's northeastern state of Assam, is the only tiger reserve of its kind in the entire northeast. Apart from the rising population of tigers, Manas Wildlife Sanctuary is also the home of the rare golden langur, the hispid hare, the pigmy hog, the one-horned rhinoceros and at least twenty other species of animals and birds that are listed as highly endangered. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary derives its name from the Goddess Manasa. This beautiful Manas Wildlife Sanctuary was previously known as North Kamrup and was declared a sanctuary on October 1, 1928, with parts of it having been notified as reserved forests as early as 1907 and 1927. It was established as the core o f t h e Manas Tiger Reserve from April 1973 and consecutively inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985 and elevated to the position of a National Park status on September 7, 1990. 31. (a) : C 02 has capacity of absorbing heat radiations and thus

increases temperature. It does not allow the heat to radiate back to atmosphere. This increase in global temperature (global warming) which is mainly due to C 02 concentration is called green

house effect. Besides C02, other important gases associated with

green house effect are CH4, N 02, CFC, and 03.

32. (b) : Mutation is a sudden random change in the genetic

material of a cell that may cause it and all cells derived from it differ in appearance or behaviour from the normal type. So, genetic

material is DNA in most of the organisms and thus mutation brings in changes in the DNA of chromosomes. RNA and enzyme may also be affected by mutation as they occur inside cell and also RNA is genetic material in some organisms. But mutation does not affect environment.

33. (d) : In Hill's reaction, the experiment performed on Chlorella alga (unicellular green alga) using radioactive isotopes of oxygen, i.e., , 80 i.e., when normal H20 and radioactive C 02 {i.e., C1 802)

were used, normal 02 is evolved.

C1 80, + 2 H , 0 - light

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