Dimensiones del funcionamiento familiar.

The case particle wo usually attaches to the direct object of the sentence:

Example 132

澤田 の ほう が 雑誌 の インタビュ- を 受けます

Sawada no hou ga zasshi no intabyuu wo ukemasu Sawada GEN side NOM journal GEN interview ACC give (Sawada gives an interview to a journal.)

In contrast to ga, no two phrases in one clause may be marked by wo. This restriction is called `double-wo constraint' in research literature (see, for example, Tsujimura 1996:249ff.). Consider the following examples from the Verbmobil corpus:

Example 133

混同 に も 再度 確認 を して みます けれども

Kondou ni mo saido kakunin wo shite mimasu keredomo Kondou NI too again confirmation ACC do try SAP (I will confirm (it) with Mrs. Kondou again.)

Example 134

混同 の スケジュ-ル を 確認 いたします

Kondou no sukejuuru wo kakunin itashimasu

Kondou GEN plan ACC confirmation HON-do

(I confirm Mrs Kondou's schedule.)

suru can occur with an wo marked argument or in a light verb construction. kakunin is an argument in Example 133 and the verbal noun in a light verb construction in Example 134. kakunin as an argument would not be possible in Example 134, according to the `double-wo constraint', because there is already an wo-marked argument in the sentence:

Example 135

*混同 の スケジュール を 確認 を いたします

Kondou no sukejuuru wo kakunin wo itashimasu

Kondou GEN plan ACC confirmation ACC HON-do

The restriction is not valid for embedded sentences:

Example 136

混同 研究室 の ほう で 実演 を する という

Kondou kenkyuushitsu no hou de jitsueN wo suru to iu Kondou institute GEN side DE presentation ACC do COMPL

予定 を 立てている んです けれども yotei wo tatete iru N desu keredomo

plan ACC build COP SAP

(There is a plan to perform the presentation at Mr Kondou's institute.)

Actually there are some violations of the restriction in the Verbmobil data corpus. Examples are:

Example 137

今日 お電話 した の は (P)(h)ええと 本 を 出版

kyou o-denwa shita no wa (P)(h)/eto/ hon wo shuppaN today telephone did GEN TOP (pause) book ACC publication

する ために (P) その 原稿 を いつ こう 一緒 に

suru tame ni (P) sono genkou wo itsu (P) kou issho ni do because (P) that manuscript ACC when (P) so joint NI

打ち合わせ を したら よろしい か という こと で (P) お電話 uchiawase wo shitara yoroshii ka to iu koto de (P) o-deNwa appointment ACC do-cond good QUE COMPL NOM DE (P) telephone

さして いただいた んです けれども sashite itadaita N desu keredomo

do HON COP SAP

(This is the reason, why I am calling today: When would it suit you to have a joint discussion of that manuscript?)

Example 138

うち の 佐藤 が (P) あの 学会誌 の 特修

uchi no Satou ga (P)/ano/ gakkaishi no tokushuu

we GEN Satou NOM (pause) academic journal GEN special edition

の 出費津 警官 を (P) (h) 混同 先生 と

no shuppitsu keikaku wo (P) (h) Kondou sensei to

GEN article timetable ACC (P) (h) Kondou Prof. with

打ち合わせ を したい と 申して おりました けれども

uchiawase wo shitai to moushite orimashita keredomo

appointment ACC want to do COMPL say AUX-Past SAP

(Our Mr. Satou said that he would like to agree upon an appointment to discuss the timetable for the article in the special edition of the academic journal.)

But these examples were described as ungrammatical by Japanese native speakers. They are very complex. In both cases there are pauses between the wo-marked entities. The wo-marked nominal phrases sono geNkou and gakkaishi no tokushuu no shuppitsu keikaku are not subcategorized by uchiawase. The examples become acceptable if one replaces wo with nitsuite and thus marks the NPs as adjuncts. These exceptions of the `double-wo constraint' are therefore rare effects of spoken language and shall not be introduced into the grammar. Object positions with wo-marking as well as subject positions with ga-marking can be saturated only once. There are neither double subjects nor double objects. It will be shown that this restriction is also valid for indirect objects. Found arguments must be assigned a saturated status in the subcategorization frame, so that they cannot be saturated again (as it is in German and English). The verbs subcategorize for at most one subject, object and indirect object. Only one of these arguments may be marked by wo, while a subject and an object may both be marked by ga. These attributes are determined by the verbal valence. The effects of the so-called 'Double-Wo-Constraint' come from the fact that wo has only the function of marking direct objects, while ga and ni can have different functions.

The wo-marked argument is not adjacent to the verb. It is possible to reverse NP-ga and NP- wo as well as to insert adjuncts between the arguments and the verb:

Example 139 (Verbmobil)

意見 交換 を 島図 の ほう が さして いただきたい

iken koukaN wo Shimazu no hou ga sashite itadakitai

という こと で お電話 させていただきました to iu koto de o-deNwa sasete itadakimashita COMPL NOM DE telephone do-HON-Past

(I've called today because Mr Shimazu would like to exchange opinions (with you)) Example 140

パネルヂスカッション を 今度 行う んです けども

paneru disukasshon wo kondo okonau N desu kedomo

panel discussion ACC next time perform COP SAP

(Next time we will perform a panel discussion)