Dinámica del contraste

Appendix 3

Appendix 4: Case study – Interview questions

Fixed questions

General questions

1 What is your role within the firm?

2. What are the general characteristics of the firm? (History, markets, general development) Current BIM situation

3. Why and when did you implement BIM into the practices?

4. What is the current situation regarding designing practices (or the use of BIM) within your team/department/division?

Desired BIM situation:

5. What is the desired situation regarding the use of BIM in your team/department/division? b. Is there a consensual opinion formed around these intentions?

c. What benefits are expected from implementing and using BIM?

6.. Do you think the company is representative for the Italian construction sector or a frontrunner? Why?

Variable questions

BIM implementation challenges

7. Which BIM major challenges did the company face with, when implementing BIM?

a. What is the level of importance for all the expected BIM challenges in the implementation process? Specifically (Depending on the department and the role in the company):

Environmental challenges

- How is the company affected by regulations and norms regarding BIM implementation?

- What is the situation regarding Commons standards and information exchange?

- To which extend does BIM adoption in a national level affect the company? Organizational challenges

- What was (is) the time necessary to implement BIM within the organization?

- How does the high initial investment affect the company’s decision to implement BIM?

- How did the organizational structure and strategy of the company change when BIM was implemented?

- Did the top management support BIM implementation?

- How was re-defined the business model when BIM was implemented?

- Who took the responsibilities for BIM implementation? Internal or external?

- How did the re-organization of teams take place?

- How did the data exchange methods change within the firm?

- Was there a problem in developing a collaborative way of working? To which extend?

- What was necessary in order to promote the company’s BIM capacity?

- What was changed in terms of contract arrangements and costs? Individual challenges

- How did the cultural aspect affect BIM implementation?

- How did the individual drive towards change affected BIM implementation?

- What were the knowledge and skills and how did they had to change when implementing BIM? Technological challenges

- Was it there a problem of interoperability within the firm?

- How did the current IT infrastructure support BIM?

- How did the scalability of BIM model issue affect the company? 8. What are specific issues playing at the firm?

Appendix 5. Level of challenges’ impact on the BIM implementation process

Table 16. BIM implementation challenges’ impact on the BIM implementation process of General Planning. The previous chapter aims to underline and describe the BIM implementation challenges of the case-study. However, the effect of these challenges on the BIM implementation process is not the same. For this reason, this chapter will assess the level of impact those challenges had on the BIM implementation process. This assessment is a consequence of either the results of the interview (perception and opinion of the respondents) either the number of interviews the challenge emerged, and as a consequence, how many times it was noticed during the case-study. For challenges which occurred from 7 to 10 interviews, a high level of impact was assigned. On the other hand, challenges which emerged from 0 to 3 times in the interview process did not largely affect BIM implementation inside GP. For all the other challenges which came up only in 4, 5 or 6 interviews, the level of impact is difficult to measure, and for this reason a high or low impact cannot be assigned based only on the results of the interviews. Afterwards, the challenges’ level of impact was validated by the Project manager of the firm itself, in order to get an internal confirmation of the results. Table 16 provides an immediate description of how the previously described impact affected the digitalization process in GP. As it can be seen from Table 16, the lack of client awareness about BIM advantages and request of BIM, the lack of a clear workflow and well-assigned roles and responsibilities, the information exchange and set up of information from the beginning are the challenges which mostly affected the implementation of BIM within the firm. On the other hand, it can be noticed as challenges such as Overcoming the comfort of employees to change their working practice”, the high initial investment, the lack of company’s members direction to BIM, the promotion of the company’s BIM capacity and interoperability did not highly affected BIM implementation in GP, as they did not occur in many interviews. For other challenges such as the lack of collaboration between companies, lack of regulations, and the high initial time invested the level of impact is difficult to measure and for this reason it cannot be assigned based only on the result of the interviews.

BIM implementation challenges of the case-study

Level of Impact on the BIM implementation process Number of interviews underlying the challenge

Lack of client awareness about BIM advantages and request of BIM high 8

Lack of regulations about BIM models’ privacy, collaboration and in

general how to deal with a construction process with BIM difficult to define 4

Lack of collaboration between companies, especially when data are not

protected difficult to define 4

Traditional way of working is still followed without a clear BIM workflow high 9

Lack of well-defined roles and responsibilities high 7

Overcoming the comfort of employees to change their working practice low 3

High initial investment without assessing BIM economic advantages in the

short-term low 1

Lack of all the company’s members direction to BIM low 2

Information exchange and set up of information from the beginning high 7

Promotion of the company’s BIM capacity low 3

Interoperability between different software version low 3

High initial time to be invested to create templates, collaborative way of

Appendix 6: BIM experts – Interview questions

Fixed questions

General questions

1. What is your role and expertise?

2. How are you involved in BIM implementation? Main questions

3. Given the developed framework, how can an Italian design firm overcome the most important issues encountered when implementing BIM into the firm?

4. What kind of changes are necessary in a design organization in terms of people and managers (change management), when implementing BIM?

5. What kind of changes are necessary from an ICT perspective (not only from a software prospective) and licenses in order to make it worth the implementation of BIM?

6. What kind of business model can be defined when implementing BIM and how can be considered a correct business strategy for a design firm which is conducting the digital transition CAD/BIM? 7. Which steps are necessary in order to implement BIM into a design firm, which has never worked