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6.1. Literature

Boulet, G., Cyber Operations by Private Actors in the Ukraine-Russia Conflict: From

Cyber War to Cyber Security, American Society of International Law Volume 19 Issue

1 2015 [online via http://www.asil.org/insights/volume/19/issue/1/cyber-operations- private-actors-ukraine-russia-conflict-cyber-war-cyber]

Capaccio, A. China Most Threatening Cyberspace Force, U.S. Panel Says, Bloomberg [online via http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-11-05/china-most- threatening-cyberspace-force-u-s-panel-says]

Conger, C., Could a single hacker crash a country’s network? [online via http://computer.howstuffworks.com/hacker-crash-country-network1.htm]

Cook, J. Sony Hackers Have Over 100 Terabytes Of Documents. Only Released 200

Gigabytes So Far Business Insider [online via http://uk.businessinsider.com/the-sony-

hackers-still-have-a-massive-amount-of-data-that-hasnt-been-leaked-yet-2014- 12?r=US]

Dan Saxon (ed.), in International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of

War, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2013

Danchev, D., Coordinated Russia vs Georgia cyber attack in progress, ZDNET [online via http://www.zdnet.com/article/coordinated-russia-vs-georgia-cyber-attack-in- progress/]

Dieter Fleck (ed.), The Handbook of International Humanitarian Law, Oxford University Press 2013 (3rd Revised ed)

Dilanian, K., NSA Director: Yes, China Can Shut Down Our Power Grids, Business Insider [online via http://uk.businessinsider.com/nsa-director-yes-china-can-shut-down- our-power-grids-2014-11?r=US]

50 Doug Hart (ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Information Warfare and Security (ICIW 2013), Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited 2013

Fulghum, D. A. & Barrie, D., Israel Used Electronic Attack in Air Strike Against Syrian

Mystery Target, AVIATION WEEK, Oct. 8, 2007 [online via

http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/1908050/posts]

Gartenstein-Ross, D. & Goodman, J. D., The Attack on Syria's al-Kibar Nuclear

Facility, INFOCUS QUARTERLY, Spring 2009, [online via

http://www.jewishpolicycenter.org/826/the-attack-on-syrias-al-kibar-nuclear-facility]

Geers, K., Cyberspace and the Changing Nature of Warfare, Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence Tallinn, Estonia

Gilbert, D., Syrian Electronic Army Cyber Attacks Continue With US Marines Hack, IBTimes [online via http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/syrian-electronic-army-hacks-marine- website-hacked-503037]

Gill, T. D. and Ducheine, P. A. L, Anticipatory Self-Defense in the Cyber Context, International Law Studies Volume 89 2013, p. 459-460 [online via

http://dare.uva.nl/document/2/135180)

Gjelten, T. Volunteer Cyber Army Emerges In Estonia, NPR [online via

http://www.npr.org/2011/01/04/132634099/in-estonia-volunteer-cyber-army-defends- nation]

Glennon, M. J., The Road Ahead: Gaps, Leaks and Drips, International Law Studies, Volume 89, 2013 p. 380 [online via https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/2d451822- f2d7-4556-b975-3186ba404060/The-Road-Ahead--Gaps,-Leaks-and-Drips.aspx]

Grosswald, L., Cyberattack Attribution Matters under Article 51 of the U.N. Charter, Brooklyn Journal of International Law Vol. 36 2010-2011, p.1160 [via HeinOnline]

51 Holt, T. J. (ed) and Schell, B. H., Corporate Hacking and Technology-Driven Crime:

Social Dynamics and Implications, IGI Global Publishers, 2010 (1st ed.)

InfoSecurity, National Electric Grid Remains at Significant Risk for Cyber-attack [online via http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/news/national-electric-grid-remains- at/]

Kazerooni, S., The Growing Threat of Denial-of-Service Attacks, Electric Light & Power, [online via http://www.elp.com/articles/powergrid_international/print/volume- 20/issue-2/features/the-growing-threat-of-denial-of-service-attacks.html]

Klimburg, A (ed.), National Cyber Security Framework Manual, NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excelence, Talllinn, Estonia, 2012

Left, S. Chinese and American hackers declare 'cyberwar', The Guardian [online via http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2001/may/04/china.internationalnews]

Lenzner, R., Chinese Cyber Attack Could Shut Down U.S. Electric Power Grid [online via http://www.forbes.com/sites/robertlenzner/2014/11/28/chinese-cyber-attack-could- shut-down-u-s-electric-power-grid/]

Markoff, J. Before the Gunfire, Cyberattacks, The New York Times [online via http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/13/technology/13cyber.html?_r=0]

Melzer, M., Interpretive guidance on the notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities

under International Humanitarian Law, ICRC 2009

Messmer, E., Kosovo cyber-war intensifies: Chinese hackers targeting U.S. sites,

government says, CNN [online via

http://edition.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9905/12/cyberwar.idg/]

Rubenking, N. J., Wikileaks Attack: Not the First by th3j35t3r, PCMAG, [online via http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2373559,00.asp]

52 Sanger, D. E. and Fackler, M., N.S.A. Breached North Korean Networks Before Sony

Attack, Officials Say, The New York Times [online via http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/19/world/asia/nsa-tapped-into-north-korean-

networks-before-sony-attack-officials-say.html]

Schmitt, M. N. (Ed.), Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare, Cambridge University Press 2013

Shackelford, S. & Andres, R. State responsibility for cyber attacks: competing

standards for a growing problem, Georgetown Journal of International Law 2010, p.

971-1016

Sheldon, J. B., State of the Art: Attackers and Targets in Cyberspace, Journal of Military and Strategic Studies Volume 14 Issue 2 2012, p. 18 [online via

http://ww.w.jmss.org/jmss/index.php/jmss/article/viewFile/462/458]

Swaine, J., Georgia: Russia 'conducting cyber war', The Telegraph [online via http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/georgia/2539157/Georgia-Russia- conducting-cyber-war.html]

Symantec, 2015 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 20, 2015

Tiezzi, S., China (Finally) Admits to Hacking, The Diplomat [online via

http://thediplomat.com/2015/03/china-finally-admits-to-

hacking/?utm_content=buffer5af99&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook.com &utm_campaign=buffer];

Traynor, I., Russia accused of unleashing cyberwar to disable Estonia, The Guardian [online via http://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/may/17/topstories3.russia]

United Nations, Draft articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful

53 United States Department of Defense (DoD), The National Military Strategy for

Cyberspace Operations, 2006

United States Department of Defense (DoD), Department of Defense Cyberspace Policy

Report: A Report to Congress Pursuant to the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2011, Section 934, 2011

Wheeler, D. A., Techniques for Cyber Attack Attribution, Institute for Defense Analyses, October 2003 p. 1 [online via http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA468859]

6.2. Table of Cases

ICJ, 24-05-1980, United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran (United States of America v. Iran), Judgement [online].

ICJ, 27-06-1986, Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America), Merits [online].

ICJ, 8-07-1996, Legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons, Advisory Opinion [online]

ICJ, 26-02-2007, Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro), Judgement [online].

Prosecutor v. Tadic, IT-94-1, ICTY Appeals Chamber, Decision on the Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction, 2 October 1995 [online]

Prosecutor v. Tadic, IT-94-1-A, ICTY Appeals Chamber, Judgement, 15 July 1999[online]

Prosecutor v. Ramush Haradinaj, Idriz Balaj and Lahi Brahimaj, IT-04-84-T, ICTY Appeals Chamber, Judgement, 3 April 2008 [online]

54 Sambaggio Case (Italy v. Venezuela) (Mixed Claims Commission Italy- Venezuela)(1903) 10 Reports of International Arbitral Awards, Vol. X [online via http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_X/477-692.pdf]

Iran-United States Claims Tribunal, [Phillips Petroleum Co. Iran] v. Islamic Republic of Iran, Award No. 326–10913–2, 3 November 1987, Iran-United States Claims Tribunal Reports, vol. 21 (1989)

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