GESTIÓN DE EMPRESAS INDUSTRIALES
9. Dirección de Recursos Humanos 10. La Función de Producción
Answers 1 define 2 assume 3 estimated 4 concept 5 assessment 6 approach 7 establish 8 indicator 9 factor 10 distribution 11 economic 12 significantly
2
Answers 1 assumption 2 conceive 3 definition 4 defining 5 distribute
6 economy/economics 7 economize
8 economically 9 establishment 10 established 11 indicate 12 significance 13 signify 14 significant
Further practice
For practice in summarizing, paraphrasing and using academic vocabulary, refer students to Photocopiable 9, Exercise 1 (TB page 119).
Expressing the future: probability
Refer students to Unit 9 Grammar, page 177.
1
Students discuss the questions in pairs before forming small groups to confirm their answers.-Answers
1 certainty: will, definitely, won't
probability/possibility: probably, may, might 2 i-c, ii-e, iii-d, iv-b, v-a
2
Ask students to discuss these questions in pairs, referring to Unit 9 Grammar, page 177.Answers
1,2 i-f (future continuous, will be + present participle) ii-g (future perfect, will + have + past participle) 3 may, might, could
3
Answers 1 will be living
2 will rise/will have risen
3 may reach/might reach/could reach/could have reached 4 probably won't be
5 will probably be
4
Ask students to discuss a-e in small groups, make a note of their predictions and report back to the whole class for further discussion. Remind students that they should always support their opinions/predictions with reasons.5
Students work in pairs to discuss a-b.Further practice
Students complete the sentences in Unit 9 Grammar, page 177.
Refer students to Unit 9 Vocabulary, Exercise 1, page 183 to practise different word forms expressing probability.
Section 2: Listening for dates and numbers
1 and 2 02.11 Students practise saying
the dates in pairs and check their answers with the recording. Remind students that they cansay: February the ninth or the ninth of February. (In the US, February nine is also common.)
1 February the 9th 2009 2 the 18th of December 2012 3 the 9th of February2006 4 53882017
5 54 999 420
3 0
2.12 Students listen and write down the numbers. They then read the recording script on page 204 and discuss the reasons for the correct answers.~2.12 1 1760 2 7630029 3 30 4 50 5 1860 6 15 7 1550 8 80 9 13 10 2016
4 2.13
Answers
(accept any correct form) 1 12.06
2 4/40/14/12
3 2014/120 billion/19(%) 4 1958/150
5 1960s/16 6 18.11/98,217/1997 7 237 5550/344 4533
02.13
1 Some ofthe first more advanced mobile phones were introduced into high street shops in December 2006, just before Christmas.
2 It would not be true to say that he rode a bicycle from the age of 4 to 40, because when he was 14 he broke his leg, which meant he didn't ride for at least 12 months.
3 The company forecast that by2014there will be at least 120 billion children buying their computer game, an increase of about 19%, which is not as much as they had hoped for.
4 The first satellite was launched in 1958 and there are probably now over 150 still in operation.
5 He graduated from university in the1960s and never dreamt that his invention would stilkbe used 16 years later.
6 On the 18th November, 98,217 people visited the website and voted for the movie Titanic, first released in 1997.
7 I'd love you to give me a call sometime. I know you've got myoid number, 237 5550, but I've got a new mobile now so my number's changed to 344 4533.
5 2.14
Explain that the radio programme that students will hear is about inventions and their importance. Elicit examples of inventions.Ask students to discuss the following questions in pairs and write down their own opinions before they listen to the recording.
1 What do you think is the greatest invention?
2 Put the following inventions in order of importance from 1-5: computer, radio, mobile phone, bicycle, Internet.
Students read through the questions. Play the recording. The correct answers are underlined in the recording script below.
Sentence completion Answers
1 2,000 2 65%
3 1818 4 the 1890s Note completion
Answers
5 42%
6 digital photography 7 military network
8 find information/send emails 9 5%
10 1906 11 the Internet 12 type documents
2.14
Good morning. This is Jane Frost with this morning's edition of Wake up with Frost. As you all know, for the last week we've been running a survey trying to find out what you, the listeners, think is the greatest invention of the last 200 years. The response has been amazing, double the amount we had last year so thanks to all of you for taking part. We've had about 2.000 responses online and about the same on our phone lines. The lines are now closed and this morning I can announce what the results were. So here it is ... you, the listeners, have chosen as the greatest technological invention of the past 200 years, and let me not forget to mention that 65% of you voted for this, it's the bicycle! Yes, the bicycle, first invented in
1818 and, would you believe it, the first bicycle was made
-of wood. The second bicycle had iron wheels
...
I cannot imagine what that must have been like to ride. It would have kept you fit at any rate. But for me, the best thing about the bicycle was what it did for women's rights.Yes, in the 1890s it was the bicycle that meant women could change their clothing, start wearing trousers or pantaloons as they were known. Before then women's clothes had been really uncomfortable and, I'd imagine, quite difficult to breathe in. So thanks to the ordinary bicycle, it was not only the man who wore the trousers in a home. Instead women could now feel far more equal to their male contemporaries. And I'm sure you'll agree, the bicycle is a great way to get regular exercise and of course, it's much better for the environment. And today over one billion people all over the world ride bicycles and for some, it's their only means of getting around from A to B. So to all you bicycle riders out there ...
keep up the good work! Coming in a close second, with 42% is the computer. I found out something interesting about the computer which is that really, this word first meant someone who did mathematical calculations.
Of course, today with the development of the personal computer, computers are being used for everything from home use, to business and even diaital photographv. I don't know about you, but I can't imagine life without a computer now. I guess, closely related to the computer is the Internet and this got 12% of your votes. Maybe, like myself, many of you might think of the Internet as being the World-Wide Web, but actually the web is only one part of the Internet. The Internet began as part of the United States military network, but it later began to be used by businesses and academic institutions. Of course today, the Internet has so many uses. We use it for shopping online and entertainment as well as to find information and send emails. But sadly, there is a darker side to the Internet and some of you have sent me emails about this.
Finally, with ~ of your votes, is the radio. We think the radio was invented by Marconi in 1896 and he opened his first radio or 'wireless' factory in the United Kingdom in 1898. In 1906, a man called Reginald Fessenden gave the first radio broadcast from Massachusetts. Ships could hear him at sea and apparently he played the violin. As yet, listeners, I've spared you from having to listen to my guitar playing. But certainly radio is still important.
let's not forget that it was by radio that the Titanic sent signals to other ships. And with the popularity of TV today, I was secretly pleased so many of you had still placed importance on the radio. So there you have it ...
the results of our survey. I think there are still important inventions that were not chosen but deserve a mention:
nuclear power and of course, communications satellite, something which I am certain will continue to change the face of how we communicate with each other over both long and short distances. In fact, for me, the mobile phone is one of the greatest inventions of the last 200 years. If I think back to my first phone and then I look at what is happening now. Children born today will probably be more likely to have their first experience of the
Internet on a mobile phone screen rather than a computer monitor. Some of the new mobiles that are now being sold make it just as easy and as quick to find information
-on the web as -on a computer. And let's not forget that mobiles now have digital cameras, word processing facilities, so you can ~ all your documents, and even personal organizers. I think it's quite possible that the mobile may even replace computers one day.
Writing '1.i./R.'1i4~.
Task 1: Describing iIIustra~ions
I
Aim
Writing detailed descriptionsis useful practice for giving precise definitions ofterms, a necessary step before discussing concepts in seminars and academic writing.
Elicit a description of a classroom object. Classify vocabulary suggested by students into: name of the object, material, shape, component parts and purpose.
Elicit and pre-teach further vocabulary under each category.
Choose an object that has two or more functioning parts and ask students to explain how it works (for example a CD player, tape recorder). Provide vocabulary as needed. This may include: goes + preposition, opens, closes, turns, spins.
1
Answers
a wallet or purse
2
Answers
1 A
2 B
3 A 4 C
3
Students work in pairs to describe and draw objects for each other. To reinforce the vocabulary of description, students can write detailed descriptions of equipment, buildings and well-known public figures for the class to identify.4
Students look at the illustrations and decide on the main features to be compared before writing their summaries. Remind students of the structure of a Task 1 essay by referring them to Unit 1, page 20.i
~ i
5
After completing the gaps in the model essay, students underline the descriptions of the main features of the mobile phones in the model essay and compare them with the main features in their own essay.Suggested answers 1 is used to 2 consists of 3 height/length 4 weight 5 versatility 6 function
7 useful/necessary for 8 versatile/capable
Further practice
6 In pairs, students discuss the main features of the diagram and the possible points of comparison before answering the question in writing.