DISCUSIÓN

*Associate and Assistant Professor respectively, Department of Economics, Christ University,

Bengaluru, INDIA

Email id: [email protected] and [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This paper seeks to critically review existing literature that addresses issues of unpaid work, particularly, the conceptualisation and valuation of care work as part of unpaid work. The valuation of unpaid care work appears to be largely delayed due to practical and methodological difficulties. On the contrary, what may be required is a value based framework based on equity considerations to pitch for recognition, reduction and redistribution of unpaid care work. This becomes all the more important considering how engagements with unpaid work particularly care work can be disempowering and negatively affect women’s well being. We also critically examine the rationale for unpaid care work through the theoretical frames of the Neoclassical, the Feminist Marxist and the Feminist schools of thought. Though there are divisions within the feminist thought on valuation and payment for unpaid work, it provides a more nuanced treatment to the motives behind care work. The paper also assesses the policy sensitiveness of the rights based employment program MGNREGA in incorporating unpaid care concerns in terms of its stated objectives, implementation and outcomes. Evaluation studies on MGNREGA shows that while the intent of the program appears satisfactory, the implementation and outcomes leave much to be desired.

KEYWORDS: Unpaid Work, Care Work, Valuation, Gender Equality REFERENCES

Amott, T., & Matthaei, J. (1991). Race, class, gender, and women's works: A conceptual framework.

Race, gender and work: A multicultural economic history of women in the United States, 11-30. Azam, M. (2011). The impact of Indian job guarantee scheme on labor market outcomes: Evidence

from a natural experiment. World Bank and IZA Discussion Paper No. 6548.

TRANS Asian Research Journals

http://www.tarj.in

Becker, G. S. (2009). A Treatise on the Family. Harvard university press.

Benería, L. (1992). Accounting for women's work: The progress of two decades. World

development, 20(11), 1547-1560.

Birdsall, N., & McGreevey, W. P. (1983). Women poverty and development. In M. Buvinic, M.A.

Lycette, and W.P. McGreevy (eds), Women and poverty in the Third World, Johns Hopkins

University Press, Baltimore MD.

Blades, D. W. D. W. (1975). Non-monetary (subsistence) activities in the national accounts of

developing countries (No. 04; HC79, B5.).

Borah, K., & Bordoloi, R. (2014). MGNREGA and its impact on daily waged women workers: A

case study of Sonitpur District of Assam. IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance, 4(4), 40-44.

Bruyn-Hundt, M. (1996). The economics of unpaid work.

Budlender, D. (2007). A critical review of selected time use surveys.

Budlender, D. (2010). What do time use studies tell us about unpaid care work? Evidence from

seven countries. Time use studies and unpaid care work, 1-45.

Chadeau, A. (1992). What is a Households' Non-market Production Worth. Organisation for

Economic Co-operation and Development.

Chopra, D., Kelbert, A. W., & Iyer, P. (2013). A feminist political economy analysis of public policies related to care: A thematic review.

Davis, A. Y. (2011). Women, race, & class. Vintage.

Desai, S., & Vanneman, R. (2015). India Human Development Survey-II (IHDS-II), 2011-12.

ICPSR36151-v2. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 07-31.

Dheeraja, C., & Rao, K. H. (2013). Factors Facilitating Demand for NREGS Work. National

Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad.

Ellen, K. (1909). The century of the child. New York, NY: GP Putnam's Sons. --- (1914). The

renaissance of motherhood. GP Putnam.

Engels, F. (1972). The Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State in the Light of the

Researches of Lewis H. Morgan. NY: International Publishers.

Ester, B. (1970). Women's Role in Economic Development. American Journal of Agricultural

Economics, 53(3), 536-537.

Ferber, M. A., & Nelson, J. A. (Eds.). (2003). Feminist economics today: Beyond economic man.

University of Chicago Press.

Folbre, N. (1995). " Holding hands at midnight": The paradox of caring labor. Feminist economics,

1(1), 73-92.

Folbre, N. (2006). Demanding quality: Worker/consumer coalitions and “high road” strategies in the

care sector. Politics & Society, 34(1), 11-32.

Folbre, N. (2006). Measuring care: Gender, empowerment, and the care economy. Journal of human

TRANS Asian Research Journals

http://www.tarj.in

Folbre, N., & Nelson, J. A. (2000). For love or money--or both?. The Journal of Economic

Perspectives, 14(4), 123-140.

Gershuny, J. (1988). Time, technology and the informal economy. On Work. Historical,

Comparative and Theoretical Approaches, 579-597.

Goldman, E. (1969). Anarchism and Other Essays with a New Introduction by Richard Drinnon.

Harrison, J. (1973). The political economy of housework. In Bulletin of the Conference of Socialist

Economists (Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 35-52).

Hirway, I. (2015). Unpaid work and the economy: linkages and their implications. Indian Journal of

Labour Economics, 58(1), 1-21. --- (2005, October). Integrating unpaid work into development

policy. In Conference on “Unpaid Work and Economy: Gender, Poverty and Millennium

Development Goals” organized at Levy Economics Institute, New York, on October (pp. 1-3). --- (1999, December). Time use studies: conceptual and methodological issues with reference to the

indian time use survey. In international seminar on time use studies, Ahmedabad, India.

Ironmonger, D. (1996). Counting outputs, capital inputs and caring labor: Estimating gross

household product. Feminist Economics, 2(3), 37-64. --- (1997, November). National accounts

of household productive activities. In prepared for the Conference on Time Use, Non-Market Work,

and Family Well-Being.

--- (1998), Towards a more comprehensive knowledge of all forms of work: Statistics for the

development and monitoring of social and economic policies. Engendering Labor Force Statistics,

New York.

Joshi, V., Singh, S., & Joshi, K. N. (2008). Evaluation of NREGA in Rajasthan. Institute of

Development Studies, Jaipur, Monograph, 79.

Leacock, E. (1972). Introduction. The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State, by F. Engels, ed. E. Leacock.

Leghorn, L., & Parker, K. (1981). Womans worth; sexual economics and the world of women.

Meagher, G. (2006). What can we expect from paid carers?. Politics & Society, 34(1), 33-54.

MGNREGA Sameeksha II (2015). An anthology of research studies (2012-2014). UNDP India.

Mies, M. (2014). Patriarchy and accumulation on a world scale: Women in the international

division of labour. Zed Books Ltd..

Molyneux, M. (1985). Mobilization without emancipation? Women's interests, the state, and

revolution in Nicaragua. Feminist studies, 11(2), 227-254.

Perkins Gilman, C. (1979). Herland. New York: Pantheon.

Razavi, S. (2007). The political and social economy of care in a development context: Conceptual

issues, research questions and policy options (No. 3). United Nations Research Institute for Social Development.

Reid, M. G. (1934). Economics of household production.

Rosaldo, M. Z., Lamphere, L., & Bamberger, J. (1974). Woman, culture, and society (Vol. 133).

TRANS Asian Research Journals

http://www.tarj.in

Saffioti, H. I. (1982). Women in class society.

Sanday, P. R. (1981). Female power and male dominance: On the origins of sexual inequality.

Cambridge University Press.

Silvia, F. (2004). Caliban and the Witch: Women, the Body and Primitive Accumulation. Brooklyn

(NY), Autonomedia.

Singh, S. (2009). NREGS: Issues of Governance and Transparency. Report prepared for

Commonwealth University London. IDSJ, Jaipur.

Swiebel, J. (1999). Unpaid work and policy-making: Towards a broader perspective of work and

employment. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs.

Wolf, D. A. (2004). Valuing informal elder care. Family Time: the social organization of care, 2,

TRANS Asian Research Journals http://www.tarj.in

A s i a n J o u r n a l o f

M u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l

R e s e a r c h ( A J M R )

UGC APPROVED JOURNAL

DOI NUMBER:10.5958/2278-4853.2019.00185.X

A STUDY OF APPLICATIONS OF

H-FUNCTION IN A MATRIX-VARIATE PATHWAY DENSITY MODEL

*Department of Mathematics,

Government College, Kaladera, Jaipur, India Email id: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In the present paper, the author has discussed about the structures which are the prod- ucts and ratios of statistically independently distributed positive real scalar random vari- ables. The author has derived the exact density of a Matrix-variate pathway density model by using the Hankel Transform as the unknown density and after that the unknown density has been obtained by taking the inverse Hankel Transform .In the last, a more general structure of a Matrix- variate pathway density model has been discussed.

(2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: primary: 33CXX secondary: 44A15, 82XX)

KEYWORDS: Generalized Gamma density, Type-1 Beta Density, Type-2 Beta Desity,Matrix- Variate Pathway Density, H-function, Hankel Transform , Inverse Hankel Transform.

REFERENCES

1. A.M. Mathai,A pathway to matrix-variate gamma and normal densities, Linear Alg. Appl.396

(2005), 317-328.

2. A.M.Mathai and R.K.Saxena, The H-function with Applications in Statistics and Other

Disciplines, Wiley Eastern, New Delhi and Wiley Halsted, New York (1978).

3. A.M.Mathai,R.K. Saxena and H.J.Haubold, The H-function: Theory and Applications, CRC Press,

New York (2010).

4.H.M.Srivastava,K.C. Gupta and S.P.Goyal, The H-function of One and Two Variables With

TRANS Asian Research Journals http://www.tarj.in

A s i a n J o u r n a l o f

M u l t i d i m e n s i o n a l

R e s e a r c h ( A J M R )

UGC APPROVED JOURNAL

DOI NUMBER:10.5958/2278-4853.2019.00208.8

THE CONCEPT OF YOUTH TOURISM AS A DISTINCT TOURISM