In this paper, we assessed the state of BPM adoption in Bavarian SMEs. A mixed method approach combines the results of 10 in-depth case studies with 114 responses of a survey. Considered together, they uncover the state of adoption regarding measures about BPM and strategy, purpose achievement and reliability, documentation, capabilities, performance management and redesign. This assessment shows potentials for improvement left untapped, together with possible reasons.
On the base of the identified reasons, we developed our main contribution, next to the results of the survey and the case studies (research question 1 and 2), namely propositions for practitioners and prop-ositions for researchers (research questions 3). These propprop-ositions expectedly improve the BPM adop-tion and thus support the competitiveness of SMEs. In this regard, we answered the three research ques-tions defined in the introduction (a summary of which is shown in Table 3).
Still, our work is not without limitations. First, the interpretation of the case studies, though conducted by two researchers and discussed in a group of four, leaves room for subjectivity. They have to be cross-verified by the results of the survey. Another limitation originates from the selection of participants. As they were contacted at random, it is possible that only those companies responded that had a particular interest in implementing BPM measures. In the light of the previous discussion, companies without any interest in BPM at all might contribute to the size of category 0 (see section 3.4).
Results and limitations lead to further research. First, the study was conducted in Bavaria and needs to be extended to structurally different regions. In that context, further case studies may sustain or contra-dict the present results. Last, in future work, we will implement and evaluate the propositions in order to verify their relevance and extend their number.
Braunnagel et al. /BPM Adoption in Bavarian SMEs
Twenty-Fourth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), İstanbul,Turkey, 2016
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35
2.2 Beitrag 2: Enterprise social networks: A literature review and research agenda
Adressierte Forschungsfrage
Forschungsfrage 2:
Was ist der aktuelle Stand der Literatur im Themenbereich Enterprise Social Networks und welcher Forschungsbedarf besteht weiterhin?
Zielsetzungen
(1) Identifikation von Literatur mit Schwerpunkt auf ESN
(2) Analyse der Artikel im Hinblick auf adressierte Themenfelder (3) Identifikation von Forschungslücken und Definition einer For-schungsagenda
Forschungsmethode
Literature Review nach Webster und Watson (2002) mit anschließender qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring (2014)
Kernergebnisse (Überblick)
(1) Identifikation von 106 relevanten Forschungsbeiträgen
(2) Identifikation von 70 unterschiedlichen Themen; am häufigsten:
Einfluss von ESN auf das Wissensmanagement (17 Beiträge) (3) Definition von 43 Forschungsfragen auf Basis der identifizierten Forschungslücken
Publikationsort Computer Networks 114 Ranking VHB JQ 3 Kein Ranking vorhanden
Autor(en) und Anteile
Benjamin Wehner Christian Ritter Susanne Leist
45%
45%
10%
Tabelle 5: Fact Sheet „Enterprise social networks: A literature review and research agenda“
Computer Networks 114 (2017) 125–142
ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect
Computer Networks
journalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/comnet
Enterprise social networks: A literature review and research agenda
Benjamin Wehner∗, ChristianRitter,Susanne Leist
University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93049 Regensburg, Germany
a rt i c l e i n f o
EnterpriseSocialNetworks(ESNs)havebeenreceivingincreasinglymoreattentioninacademiaand prac-ticeoverthepastyears.ESNsareimplementedtoimprovecollaborationamongemployeesandto fos-terknowledgemanagementbycapturingtacitknowledge,amongotherreasons.However,ESNsdonot alwaysfulfillthecompanies’expectationsand consequentlycompanies questiontheirinvestment. Due tothegrowingpopularityofESNsinpractice andthestill unansweredquestionsofhowtoultimately achieveESNsuccess, agrowingnumber ofresearchershave startedtoanalyze theESNphenomenon, leadingtoasteadilygrowingnumberofpublicationsinavariety ofoutlets.However,researchgroups arenotinaccordanceyetonwhatterminologytouseforthegivenphenomenon.Thisshowsthatthe youngresearchfieldofESNsisstillindevelopment.Tosupportfutureresearchandpractice,weperform aliteraturereviewtoanswerthreeresearchquestions:first,weanalyzewhichtermsforthephenomenon ofESNswereusedandwhichtermtendstobeacceptedbythecommunityrecently.Second,weanalyze ESNpublicationsregardingtheaddressedtopicstoprovideastate-of-the-artinregardtoESNresearch.
WeelaborateaframeworkusingthedimensionsESNimplementationstatusandfocusofinvestigation tostructurethepublicationsandtoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewoftheresearchtopics.Third,we identifyareasoffutureresearchonthebasisofthecurrentpublicationsandtrendingtopics.
© 2016ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
1. Introduction
Withaffordable andreliableinternet serviceforeveryone and information technology evolving quickly, the first digital natives, alsoreferredtoas‘GenerationY’,havebeenexposedtotechnology andtheinternetfromearlychildhood.Asaresult,theyare techno-logicallysavvyandareused toapplyingtechnology,especiallyfor communication[1].The resultingcommunicationneeds were fos-teredbytheemergenceofSocialMedia attheturnofthe millen-nium[2].Byenteringtheworkforce,GenerationYstartedto trans-fertheircommunicationhabitsandtheirdemandforSocialMedia into theworkplace [3]andareexpectingtheir employers to pro-vide technologytofittheir‘socialneeds’.Asaresult, large corpo-rationshavestartedtoimplementEnterpriseSocialMediaintheir portfolio ofIT applications,e.g.,Henkel,one ofGermany’s largest companiesinthechemicalindustry,introducedtheEnterprise So-cial Network ‘Yammer’at theendof 2015. Accordingto Henkel’s CEO Kasper Rorsted, Yammer’s introduction at Henkel was a re-sultoftherisingexpectationsofGenerationYemployees.Theyare sociallyconnectedviaSnapchat,Facebook,orInstagraminprivate
∗ Corresponding author.
E-mail addresses: [email protected] (B. Wehner), [email protected] (C. Ritter), [email protected] regensburg.de (S. Leist).
lifeandalsoexpectthisintheirprofessionallife[4].AsGeneration Yisnowslowlytakingovertheresponsibilityofmakingstrategic businessdecisionsasnewlypromotedmanagers[5],theywill de-finethe future use ofSocial Media in thebusiness world inthe upcomingdecades.
Enterprises introduce Social Media for various reasons, e.g., to improve innovation management [6] orto provide social col-laboration [7]. Examples of well-known Social Media platforms are OnlineSocial Networks (OSN) like Facebook orGoogle+, Mi-crobloggingplatforms likeTwitter,orvideosharingplatformslike YouTube. However, companies also use Social Media platforms specifically designedand implemented for their internal use. An examplefor a class of internal applications are Enterprise Social Networks(ESNs), which representthe in-business counterpart to OSN.ESNssupportcompaniesbyprovidingnewusecasesfortheir workforceastheyexpectbenefitsfromESNsbysupporting collab-oration,strengtheningsocialconnection,fosteringsituation aware-ness,andfacilitating knowledge management[8].ESNs also pave the wayfor companies to extend their efforts regarding “crowd-sourcing,openinnovation, ortheinclusion ofexternalexperts in in-ternalprocesses” ([9],p.151).
ESNadoptioninenterpriseshasacceleratedoverthepastyears as customer-driven social technologies like OSN cannot provide necessaryenterprisecollaborationcapabilities(e.g.,document stor-age, knowledge search, integration with existing communication
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2016.09.001 1389-1286/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
B. Wehner et al. / Computer Networks 114 (2017) 125–142 systems) [7].Market researchhas beenshowinga significantrise
in ESNinvestmentrecently.Forexample,IDC’sFebruary 2013 So-cialBusinessSurveymentionsanESNadoptionrateof79%among all respondents.Between 2014 and 2019, the worldwiderevenue of ESN software isexpected to more than double [10]. However, ESNsdonotalwaysfulfillthecompanies’expectationsasusage of-ten dwindles after an initial spike and companies question their investment[11].
DuetothegrowingpopularityofESNsinpracticeandthestill unanswered questions ofhow to ultimately achieve ESN success, a growingnumberofresearchershavestartedtoanalyzetheESN phenomenon. Multipleresearchgroupshaveevolvedoverthelast yearscontributingtothistopic.Thesegroupshavemostlybeen fo-cusingon their ownideasanddefinitions.Thus, toget the state-of-the-artaboutliteratureonESNs,aliteraturereview includinga detailedtopicanalysisisnecessary.Further,tostructurearticlesin regard toESNs,wedevelop ageneralframeworktoclassifyall lit-eraturedealing withESNscontainingthetwo dimensionsfocusof investigationandESNimplementationstatus.Boththedetailedtopic analysisandtheframework arethebasisto identifygapsand re-dundancies incurrentresearch, which enableustodefine a pro-found research agenda.As aresultoftheproblemstatement,our paperaddressesthefollowingthreeresearchquestions:
RQ1: Which terms and definitions referring to ESNs does the IS communityapply?
RQ2:WhattopicsarecurrentlyaddressedinISresearchonESNs?
Howcanthesetopicsbeclassifiedinaframework?
RQ3: What arethe main topicsfor futureresearch on ESNsand whatwouldaresearchagendalooklike?
Weaddressthesethreeresearchquestionsbyconductinga sys-tematicliterature reviewapplyingthe well-establishedmethodof WebsterandWatson[12].Itisfollowedbyaqualitativeanalysisof all identifiedliteratureaccordingtoMayring[13].Thisleadsusto a universal framework for ESNresearch, ultimatelyresulting ina proposedresearchagendaforthefieldofESNs.
Thepaperisstructured asfollows:Section2introduces defini-tions, our research methodology, related workand a new frame-work for structuring ESNresearch. Section 3presents theresults of ourliterature review andhighlights themostinteresting find-ings concerning currentresearch topics.In Section 4,we analyze anddiscussfurtherresearchquestionsraisedbyliterature.The pa-percloseswithaconclusioninSection5.
2. Research methodandapplication