Discussion - CRITICAL REVIEWS - Blended transdiagnostic group CBT for emotional disorders: opin

CRITICAL REVIEWS

4. Discussion

After the slag test specimen has been covered with the layer of glass beads, attach the test cylinder to the steam equipment and fit the heating jacket to the outer wall of the test cylinder. Then lay the perforated plate, the surcharge support and the surcharge on top of the beads. Adjust the displacement indicator vertically in the centre of the perforated plate and fix it to a rigid support on the steam unit. After switching on the heating jacket and the steam unit, the slag test specimen then starts heating up with an expansion of its volume. In order not to register the lifting movements associated with this, do not begin recording the displacement until steam is passing freely through the sample.

The testing time in the steam test depends of the composition of slag. When the MgO content determined in accordance with EN 196-2 is not greater than or equal to 5 %, the testing time shall be 24 h. When the MgO content is more than 5 %, the testing time shall be 168 h.

NOTE 1 The total MgO content is used as a measure of free MgO, in the absence, at present of a reliable method of determining the content of free MgO. In the event of a reliable method being developed, the types should be redefined in terms of free MgO content. MgO values declared by steel producers are acceptable for use in determining testing time for steel slag.

At the end of this period the rise in the test specimen surface is read off and calculated in % volume in relation to the original volume (see 19.3.6).

The water container in the steam unit normally is of a size that makes it necessary to top up with water during the test. Therefore, care shall be taken to prevent a drop in temperature which would interrupt the production of steam.

NOTE 2 In many cases, it is useful to record the development of the increase in volume as dependent on time.

As the movements at the beginning of the steam test occur sharply, it is recommended that the movements be read off at intervals of 15 min. After 4 h the interval can be extended to 60 min. If the increase in volume is taken as a function of the time, a detailed interpretation of the test results can be undertaken by means of the graph (starting climb, asymptotic approach to a limit value). For factory production control purposes, it is possible to shorten the test duration by calculating the end point value using regression.

19.3.6 Calculation and expression of results

Calculate the volume of the slag test portion VS, before the steam test, from the following equation:

VS = VC - VA (21)

where

VS is the volume of the slag test specimen after compaction in the test cylinder (in mm³);

VC is the volume of the cylinder (in mm³);

VA is the volume of air between the slag specimen and the top edge of the cylinder (in mm³);

VC and VA are calculated from the height measurements with the sounding rod and the diameter of the cylinder (210 mm).

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After compaction determine the bulk dry density and the void content of the compacted mixture as

ρM is the bulk density of the compressed mixture (in Mg/m³);

M is the mass of the compressed mixture (in g);

Va is the void content of the compressed mixture (in % volume);

VS is the volume of the slag test specimen after compaction in the test cylinder (in mm³);

ρ is the pre-dried particle density of the slag, determined as specified in EN 1097-6 (in Mg/m³);

w is the water content of the sample (in percentage mass).

After completing the test, calculate the expansion in volume % from the rise of the specimen read off the displacement indicator, and from the internal diameter of the test cylinder (210 mm) from the following equation:

d is the internal diameter of the test cylinder (210 mm).

Record the result as the arithmetical mean of the expansion of the two test specimens, rounded to the nearest 0,1 % volume.

Annex A (informative)

Precision

A.1 Symbols

r1 is the repeatability limit as defined in EN 932-6.

R1 is the reproducibility limit as defined in EN 932-6.

X is the average of the test results.

A.2 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts using the Volhard method (Reference method) (See Clause 7)

The precision of the determination of water-soluble chlorides is stated (in terms of the chloride ion content, as a percentage by mass of the aggregate) as:

r1 = 0,000 4 + 0,029 X and R1 = 0,000 6 + 0,124 X

A.3 Determination of water-soluble chloride salts by potentiometry (Alternative method) (See Clause 8)

The standard deviation for repeatability r is 0,001 %.

The standard deviation for reproducibility R is 0,003 %.

A.4 Determination of water-soluble sulfates in recycled aggregate (See 10.2)

Repeatability r1 and reproducibility R1 have been determined by a French cross testing: two repetitions in eight laboratories.

Repeatability r1 = 0,022 + 0,018 X Reproducibility R1 = 0,047 + 0,016 X where X is the value T SO4 between 0,2 % and 1 %.

A.5 Determination of total sulfur content by acid digestion (Reference method) (See 11.1)

The precision of the determination of total sulfur content is stated (in terms of the sulfur content, as a percentage by mass of the aggregate) as:

r1 = 0,017 + 0,081 X and R1 = 0,062 + 0,204 X Licensed to Mr George Calvar on 26 May 2015. 1 user personal license only. Copying, copy/pasting, storage & distribution or use on network prohibited. (10530313). Get permission to copy from or network this publication www.saiglobal.com/licensing

A.6 Determination of acid soluble sulfates (See Clause 12)

The precision of the determination of acid soluble sulfate content is stated (as the percentage SO3 by mass of the aggregate) as:

r1 = 0,021 + 0,200 X and R1 = 0,000 + 0,812 X NOTE These values were derived using a test portion of 2 g.

Bibliography

[1] EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

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