Artículo 6 LTAIBG. Información institucional, organizativa y de planificación
3. Diseñar procesos de participación ciudadana
The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications.
Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization
Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts
Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing Architectures
Metro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers.
The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.
Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.
Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).
could be as many as N–1 detours. In the example in Figure 6-12, to protect the LSP between R1 and R5, there could be as many as four detour LSPs.
Figure 6-12. Full LSP Protection
The LSP that needs to be protected is R1-R2-R3-R4-R5:
Upon failure of the R1-R2 link, or R2 node, R1's detour LSP would be R1-R6-R7-R8-R3.
Upon failure of the R2-R3 link, or R3 node, R2's detour LSP would be R2-R7-R8-R4.
Upon failure of the R3-R4 link, or R4 node, R3's detour LSP would be R3-R8-R9-R5.
Upon failure of the R4-R5 link, R4's detour LSP would be R4-R9-R5.
The point (router) that initiates the detour LSP is called the point of local repair (PLR). When a failure occurs along the protected LSP, the PLR redirects the traffic onto the local detour. If R1-R2 fails, R1 switches the traffic into the detour LSP R1-R6-R7-R8-R3.
Facility Backup—Bypass
Another method for protecting the LSP against failure is called the facility backup. Instead of creating a separate LSP for every backed-up LSP, a single LSP is created that serves to back up a set of LSPs. This LSP is called a bypass tunnel. The bypass tunnel intersects the path of the original LSPs downstream of the PLR. This is shown in Figure 6-13.
Figure 6-13. Bypass Tunnel
• Table of Contents
• Index
Metro Ethernet By Sam Halabi
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: October 01, 2003
ISBN: 1-58705-096-X Pages: 240
The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications.
Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization
Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts
Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing Architectures
Metro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers.
The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.
Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.
Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).
The bypass tunnel R2-R6-R7-R4 is established between R2 and R4. The scalability improvement from this technique comes from the fact that this bypass tunnel can protect any LSP from R1, R2, and R8 to R4, R5, and R9. As with the one-to-one technique, to fully protect an LSP that traverses N nodes, there could be as many as N–1 bypass tunnels. However, each of these bypass tunnels can protect a set of LSPs.
• Table of Contents
• Index
Metro Ethernet By Sam Halabi
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: October 01, 2003
ISBN: 1-58705-096-X Pages: 240
The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications.
Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization
Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts
Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing Architectures
Metro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers.
The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.
Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.
Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).
Conclusion
This chapter has discussed the basics of RSVP-TE and how it can be applied to establish LSPs, bandwidth allocation, and fast-reroute techniques. A detailed explanation of the RSVP-TE messages and objects was offered to give you a better feel for this complex protocol, which probably requires a book of its own. Many of the techniques explained in this chapter apply to provisioning scalable L2 metro Ethernet services.
The metro will consist of a mix of technologies ranging from Ethernet switches to SONET/SDH equipment to optical switches. Creating a unified control plane that is capable of provisioning LSP tunnels end to end and helping in the configuration and management of such equipment becomes crucial. You have seen the MPLS control plane used for packet networks. The flexibility and standardization of MPLS is extending its use to TDM and optical networks. The next two chapters discuss Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) and how this control plane becomes universal in adapting not only to packet networks but also across TDM and optical networks.
• Table of Contents
• Index
Metro Ethernet By Sam Halabi
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: October 01, 2003
ISBN: 1-58705-096-X Pages: 240
The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications.
Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization
Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts
Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing Architectures
Metro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers.
The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.
Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.
Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).
Chapter 7. MPLS Controlling Optical Switches
This chapter covers the following topics:
Understanding GMPLS
Establishing the Need for GMPLS Signaling Models
Label Switching in a Nonpacket World
The operation of today's optical networks is manual and operator-driven, which increases network operational complexities and cost. The industry has been looking for methods that reduce the operational burden of manual circuit provisioning, reduce costs, and offer a more dynamic response to customer requirements. In other words, the industry wants to be able to deploy time-division multiplexing (TDM) and optical circuits more dynamically and wants faster provisioning times.
The principles upon which MPLS technology is based are generic and applicable to multiple layers of the transport network. As such, MPLS-based control of other network layers, such as the TDM and optical layers, is also possible. The Common Control and Measurement Plane
(CCAMP) Working Group of the IETF is currently working on extending MPLS protocols to support multiple network layers and new TDM and optical services. This concept, which was originally referred to as Multiprotocol Lambda Switching (MPlS), is now referred to as Generalized MPLS (GMPLS). This chapter refers to definitions from the CCAMP Working Group in the areas that cover the GMPLS architecture and concepts.
• Table of Contents
• Index
Metro Ethernet By Sam Halabi
Publisher: Cisco Press Pub Date: October 01, 2003
ISBN: 1-58705-096-X Pages: 240
The definitive guide to Enterprise and Carrier Metro Ethernet applications.
Discover the latest developments in metro networking, Ethernet, and MPLS services and what they can do for your organization
Learn from the easy-to-read format that enables networking professionals of all levels to understand the concepts
Gain from the experience of industry innovator and best-selling Cisco Press author, Sam Halabi, author of Internet Routing Architectures
Metro networks will emerge as the next area of growth for the networking industry and will represent a major shift in how data services are offered to businesses and residential customers.
The metro has always been a challenging environment for delivering data services because it has been built to handle the stringent reliability and availability needs for voice. Carriers will have to go through fundamental shifts to equip the metro for next-generation data services demanded by enterprise customers and consumers. This is not only a technology shift, but also a shift in the operational and business model that will allow the incumbent carriers to transform the metro to offer enhanced data services.
Metro Ethernet from Cisco Press looks at the deployment of metro data services from a holistic view. It describes the current metro, which is based on TDM technology, and discusses the drivers and challenges carriers will face in transforming the metro to address data services.
Metro Ethernet discusses the adoption of metro Ethernet services and how that has led carriers to the delivery of metro data services. With a changing mix of transport technologies, the book then examines current and emerging trends, and delves into the role of virtual private networks (VPN), virtual private local area networks (VLAN), virtual private LAN services (VPLS), traffic engineering, and MPLS and Generalized MPLS (GMPLS).