1. Revisión de literatura
1.2 Planeación del sistema de almacenamiento
1.2.3 Diseño de almacenes
A welder approval test is used to test of the level of skill attained by the welder.
Once a welding procedure has been approved it is important to ensure that all welders employed in production can meet the level of quality set down in the application standard. Welder approvals are carried-out, where the welder is directed to follow an approved WPS by the welding inspector who also acts as the witness. Upon completion of the test plate, or pipe it is generally tested for internal/external quality using visual examination, then NDT generally by Radiography or Ultra-sonic Testing then followed by some basic Qualitative mechanical/destructive tests, in that order with the amount of testing applied being dependent on the level of skill demanded from the welder in the application standard which for Europe is covered within BE EN 287 and in USA it is also covered in ASME IX where taking the test in the 6GR position covers all positions for that WPS whereas in Europe the H/JLO45 position has a similar function. It should also be noted that welder approval tests are possible when using unapproved welding procedures, as with BS 4872 “Welder Approval When Procedural Approval Is Not
Required” Whilst the welding procedure remains unapproved it must in this instance be
written. (Page 5:8 shows an example BS 4872 Welder Approval Certificate) The mechanical tests in a welder approval could include some of the following:
a) Bend tests (Side, Face or Root) b) Fillet weld fracture tests
c) Nick break tests d) Macrographs tests
When supervising a welder test the welding inspector should:
1) Check that extraction systems, goggles and all safety equipment are available 2) Check the welding process, condition of equipment and test area for suitability 3) Check grinders, chipping hammers, wire brush and all hand tools are available 4) Check materials to be welded are correct and stamped correctly for the test 5) Check consumables specification, diameter, and any baking pre-treatments 6) Check the welder’s name and identification details are correct
7) Ensure any specified preheat has been applied, and is measured correctly 8) Check that the joint has been correctly prepared and tacked, or jigged 9) Check that the joint and seam is in the correct position for the test
10) Explain the nature of the test and check that the welder understands the WPS 11) Check that the welder completes the root run, fill and cap as per the WPS 12) Ensure welders identity and stop start location are clearly marked
13) Supervise or carry out the required tests and submit results to Q/C department. It should be noted that in general a welder test certificate has a specific shelf life which in
BS EN 287 is a statutory 2 years though prolongation in some standards is also possible if
Welding Inspection of Steels Rev 30-03-12
Section 05 Welder and Procedure Approvals
Tony Whitaker Principal Lecturer TWIMiddle East
5.7
Examples of typical Welder Performance/Approval Qualification/Certificates to ASME IX and BS 4872 are shown below on pages 5.7 and 5.8 respectively:
Welding Inspection of Steels Rev 30-03-12
Section 05 Welder and Procedure Approvals
Tony Whitaker Principal Lecturer TWIMiddle East
5.8 Organization’s Symbol Logo:
Welder approval test certificate(BS 4872: Part 1 1982)Test record No
321
Manufacturers name: Justin Time Fabrications Ltd.
Welders name & Identity No
Mr. U. N. D’Cutt.Stamp 123
Issue No
001
Test piece details:
Welding process: MMA 111
Parent material: Ferritic steel
Thickness: 5mm
Joint type: Single V butt.
Pipe outside: 150mm
Welding position: Overhead. vertical up. Horizontal vertical. Flat.
Test piece position: Axisinclined 45
Fixed/rotated: Fixed
Extent of approval: Welding Process: MMA
Materials Range: Ferritic steels.
Thickness range: 2.5 – 10 mm.
Joint types: Butt welds in plate & pipe.
Pipe outside: 75 - 300mm
Welding Position: All except
Vertical down. Consumables: Rutile & Basic.
Welding consumables:
Filler metal: ESAB OK 55.00
(Make & type)
Composition: Ferritic steel.
Specification: E 8018
Shielding gas: N/A
Specification number: AWS A5.1-81
Visual examination & Test results: Visual Inspection:
Contour: Acceptable Penetration (No backing) Acceptable Undercut: Acceptable Penetration (with backing) Not applicable Smoothness of joins: Acceptable Surface defects Acceptable Destructive tests:
Macro Side Bend Root Bend Fillet fracture Butt Nick break
Not required Not required X2 Acceptable Not required Not required
Remarks:
The weld was spatter free and had a good appearance and toe blend.
The statements in this certificate are correct. The test weld was prepared in accordance with the requirements of BS 4872: Part 1 1982.Manufacturers Representative: Inspecting authority, or test house:
Mr. Justin Time ABC Inspection Ltd.
Position: Tested/Witnessed by:
Production Quality Manager Mr. R. U. Observant
Date: 9thSeptember 2011 Date: 9thSeptember 2011
Date of test 30thSeptember 2011 Approval Stamp CSWIP 3.1 no 123 Mr. R. U. Observant
R .U. Observant
Justin Time
Weld preparation(dimensioned sketch)
1.5 – 2 mm 60
Welding Inspection of Steels Rev 30-03-12
Section 05 Welder and Procedure Approvals
Tony Whitaker Principal Lecturer TWIMiddle East
5.9
Section 5 Exercise:
1) List 7 other possible Extents of Approval of an Approved Welding Procedure? 1. _
Material type/group
__________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________ 6. _______________________________________________________________ 7. _______________________________________________________________ 8. _______________________________________________________________ 2) List 3 destructive tests that may be used after the stages of initial visualinspection & NDT have been carried out, during any welder approval test? 1
. _Visual Inspection___________
_______________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________________ 4. _______________________________________________________________ 5. _______________________________________________________________ 3) Complete the following sentences with regard to welder/procedural approval?a) In order to produce a weld procedure that cover toughness in all positions for plate the test should be carried out in the _____ welding position.
b) A welder approval test is carried out to test the ___________ of the welder. c) When carrying out an AMSE IV welding procedure test which if any NDT method would be used during the approval? _________.
d) BSEN standards for welder and procedure approval are _______ ________ e) In ASME for the maximum extent of positional approval during a welder qualification test the test should be carried out in the _____GR position.