Diseño de Casos de Prueba

General methode for the synthesis of 2,6-bis(2-amino-4-alkyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridines. 10 mmol of precusor 3, 10 mmol of guanidinium carbonate and X g of silica (X= [mass of the precourser 3 in grams + mass of the guanidinium carbonate in grams] * 2) were ground together and the mixture was put in an oven at 200° C for 4 h. After cooling to room teperature, the product was washed from the silica with ethanol using a soxhlet extractor.

N

N N

N N

NH₂ NH₂

1 2

3 4 5 6

7

2,6-Bis(2-amino-4-nbutyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8a). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl₃, 20 °C): δ 8.36 (d, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 2H, H2), 7.92 (t, JHH = 7.82 Hz, 1H, H1), 7.60 (s, 2H, H5), 5.63 (s br., 4H, NH2), 2.70 (t, JHH = 7.82 Hz, 4H, Hbutyl), 1.79-1.71 (m, 4H, Hbutyl), 1.48-1.39 (m, 4H, Cbutyl), 0.96 (t, JHH = 7.44 Hz, 6H, H_butyl). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl₃, 20 °C): δ 173.6 (s, C6), 163.8 (s, C4), 163.4 (s, C7), 154.5 (s, C3), 137.9 (s, C1), 122.8 (s, C2), 107.1 (s, C5), 38.0 (s, Cbutyl), 31.1 (s, C_butyl), 22.7 (s, C_butyl), 14.0 (s, C_butyl).

N

N N

N N

NH₂ NH₂

1 2

3 4 5 6

7

Experimental

145 2,6-Bis(2-amino-4-noctyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8b). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl3, 20 °C): δ 8.42 (d, JHH = 7.83 Hz, 2H, H2), 7.94 (t, JHH = 7.43 Hz, 1H, H1), 7.67 (s, 2H, H5), 5.12 (s br, 4H, NH2), 2.74 (t, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 4H, H_octyl), 1.79-1.74 (m, 4H, H_octyl), 1.42-1.27 (m, 26H, C_octyl). The sample was very impure and ¹³C NMR could not be interpreted.

N

N N

N N

NH₂ NH₂

1 2 3 4 5 6

7

2,6-bis(2-amino-4-tbutyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8c). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl₃, 20 °C): δ 8.40 (d, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 2H, H2), 7.96-7.91 (m, 3H, H1 & H5), 5.12 (s br., 4H, NH2), 1.39 (s, 18H, Ht-butyl). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3, 20 °C): δ 180.5 (s, C6), 163.9 (s, C4), 163.2 (s, C7), 154.5 (s, C3), 138.0 (s, C1), 122.5 (s, C2), 103.8 (s, C5), 37.6 (s, C_t-butyl), 29.5 (s, C _t-butyl).

N

N N

N N

NH₂ NH₂

1 2 3 4 5 6

7

2,6-Bis(2-amino-4-isopropyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8d). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl₃, 20 °C): δ 8.41 (d, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 2H, H2), 7.94 (t, JHH = 7.82 Hz, 1H, H1), 7.71 (s br., 2H, H5), 5.15 (s br., 4H, NH2), 3.00-2.93 (m, 2H, Hpropyl), 1.36 (d, JHH = 7.04 Hz, 12H, Hpropyl). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3, 20 °C): δ 178.4 (s, C6), 164.0 (s, C4), 163.4 (s, C7), 154.5 (s, C3), 138.0 (s, C1), 122.8 (s, C2), 105.1 (s, C5), 36.3 (s, Cpropyl), 21.8 (s, Cpropyl).

146

2,6-Bis(2-amino-4-npropyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8e). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl3, 20 °C): δ 8.42 (d, JHH =

2,6-Bis(2-amino-4-ethyl-6-pyrimidyl)pyridine (8f). Since the product was not pure no yield and elemental analysis is reported. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, CDCl₃, 20 °C): δ 8.43 (d, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 2H, H2), 7.95 (t, JHH = 7.83 Hz, 1H, H1), 7.70 (s br., 2H, H5), 5.12 (s br., 4H, NH2), 2.79 (q, 4H, Hethyl), 1.36 (t, JHH = 7.43 Hz, 6H, Hethyl). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, CDCl3, 20 °C): δ 174.6 (s, C6), 163.9 (s, C4), 163.3 (s, C7), 154.5 (s, C3), 138.0 (s, C1), 122.9 (s, C2), 106.6 (s, C5), 31.4 (s, Cethyl), 13.1 (s, Cethyl).

5.3.2 Synthesis of NN Ligands

N

Experimental

147 Synthesis of precursors 12-14. Precursor 12,¹⁶⁴ 13^102b and 14^{91c, 165} were synthesized according to procedures published in the literature.

N

4-(Pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17a). Method 1. Under an atmosphere of nitrogen atmosphere 1.0 g of Na (43.5 mmol) was added to a solution of 1.8 g of guanidinium carbonate (18.3 mmol) in dry EtOH (20 ml). When the reaction of Na and EtOH was completed, 3.0 g of precursor 12 (17 mmol) were added and the solution was refluxed for 24 h. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was washed several times with ice-cooled water and the product was

4-Phenyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17b). Method 2. 1.67 g of precursor 13b (8 mmol) were added to a solution of 2.35 g of guanidinium carbonate (24 mmol) in EtOH (25 ml). The solution was refluxed for 24 h. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was dissolved in CH₂Cl₂. The organic phase was washed three times with water and dried over MgSO4. Yellow crystals were obtained after one day from CH2Cl2/Hexane in the refrigerator.

148

4-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17c). The synthesis of 17c was carried out as described for 17b, but using 2.07 g of precursor 13c (8 mmol) and it was

Experimental

149 4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17d). The synthesis of 17d was carried out as described for 17b, but using 1.91 g of precursor 13d (8 mmol) and the product was crystalized in EtOH. Yield: 1.5 g (66%, yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C16H14N4O: C,

Synthesis of 4-(4-Butoxyphenyl)-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17e). The synthesis of 17e was carried out as described for 17d, but 2.25 g of precursor 13e (8.0 mmol) were applied.

Yield: 1.8 g (70%, yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C19H20N4O: C, 71.23; H, 6.29; N, 17.49.

150

4-tert-Butyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (17f). Method 3. A solution of 0.8 g of guanidinium carbonate (8.0 mmol) and 0.2 g of Na (8.0 mmol) in dry EtOH (25 ml) was refluxed for 1 h under an atmosphere of nitrogen. 1.64 g of precusor 14 (8 mmol) were added to the solution and it was refluxed for another 24 h. After evaporating the solvent, the residue was washed with cold water and the product was crystalized from EtOH. Yield: 0.5 g (30%,

4-(Pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (17g). Method 1 was applied, using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 3.2 g (84%, pale yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C₁₃H₁₄N₄: C, 69.00; H, 6.24; N, 24.76. Found: C, 69.35; H, 6.25; N, 24.30. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 8.67 (d, JHH = 4.31 Hz, 1H, H1), 8.44 (d, JHH = 5.09 Hz,1H, H8), 8.36 (d, JHH = 7.83 Hz, 1H, H4), 7.94-7.90 (m, 1H, H3), 7.49-7.45 (m, 2H, H2 & H7), 3.51 (s br., 4H, H10 & H13), 1.91-1.87 (m, 4H, H11 & H12). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 20

Experimental

4-tert-Butyl-N,N-dimethyl-6-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidi-2-amine (17h). Method 3 was applied, using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 0.7 g (35%, pale yellow solid). Anal.

4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-6-(pyridin-2-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (17i). Method 2 was applied, using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 2.3 g (88%, pale yellow solid).

Anal. calcd for C₂₀H₂₀N₄O: C, 72.27; H, 6.06; N, 16.86. Found: C, 71.81; H, 6.03; N, 16.67. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 8.74 (d, JHH = 4.69 Hz, 1H, H1), 8.45 (d, JHH = 7.82 Hz, 1H, H4), 8.18 (d, JHH = 8.61 Hz, 2H, H11), 8.01-7.97 (m, 1H, H3 & H7), 7.55-7.52 (m, 1H, H2), 7.09 (d, J_HH = 8.61 Hz, 2H, H12), 3.84 (s, 3H, H14), 3.67 (s br., 4H, H15 & H18),

152

N,N-Dimethyl-4-(pyridine-2-yl)pyrimidine (17j). Method 1 was applied, using the

corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 2.9 g (85%, pale yellow solid). Anal. calcd for

4-(2-Pyridinyl)-2-(1-piperidinyl)-pyrimidin (17k). Method 1 was applied, using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.3 g (55%, brown oil). Anal. calcd for C14H16N4: C, 69.97; H, 6.71; N, 23.32. Found: C, 69.32; H, 7.18; N, 23.24. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO d6, 20 °C): δ 8.65 (d, JHH = 3.92 Hz, 1H, H1), 8.44 (d, JHH = 5.08 Hz, 1H, H8), 8.31 (d, J_HH = 7.84 Hz, 1H, H4), 7.87 (t, J_HH = 7.72 Hz, 1H, H3), 7.46 (d, J_HH = 5.08 Hz, 1H,

Experimental

N-1-Propyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17l). Method 1 was applied, using the

corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.2 g (58%, light pink solid). Anal. calcd for

N-1-Butyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17m). Method 1 was applied, using the

corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.0 g (45%, light brown solid). Anal. calcd for C13H16N4: C, 68.39; H, 7.06; N, 24.54. Found: C, 68.92; H, 6.53; N, 24.54. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO d₆, 20 °C): δ 8.69 (d, J_HH = 4.5 Hz 1H, H1), 8.41 (d, J_HH = 3.92 Hz, 1H, H8), 8.34 (s br., 1H, H4), 7.97 (t, JHH = 7.82 Hz, 1H, H3), 7.50 (t, JHH = 5.86 Hz, 1H, H2), 7.44 (d, JHH =

154

N-1-Octyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17n). Method 1 was applied, using the

corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.5 g (54%, light brown soild). Anal. calcd for

N-(S)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17o). Method 1 was applied, using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.3 g (55%, brown oil). Anal. calcd for

Experimental

N-(R)-(+)-1-Phenylethyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17p). Method 1 was applied,

using the corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 0.6 (45% brown oil). Anal. calcd for

156

N-Isopropyl-4-(2-pyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-amin (17q). Method 1 was applied, using the

corresponding guanidinium derivative. Yield: 1.0 g (48%, colorless crystal). Anal. calcd for C₁₂H₁₄N₄: C, 67.27; H, 6.59; N, 26.15. Found: C, 67.30; H, 6.66; N, 25.94. ¹H NMR (600.1 17a, but using precursor 18 and two equivalents of guanidinium carbonate. Yield: 2.0 g (64%).

Anal. calcd for C8H8N6 + 0.2 CH2Cl2: C, 48.00; H, 4.13; N, 40.96. Found: C, 48.02; H, 4.14; N, 39.53. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d₆, 70 °C): δ 8.42 (d, J_HH = 5.0 Hz, 1H, H3), 7.37 (d, J_HH

= 5.0 Hz, 1H, H2), 6.46 (s, 2H, NH2). ¹³C NMR (151 MHz, DMSO-d6, 70 °C) δ 163.4 (s, C1), 161.8 (s, C4), 159.1 (s, C3), 106.0 (s, C2).

5.3.3 Synthesis of NNC Ligands

General method for the synthesis of CNN 20a-e. Under an atmosphere of nitrogen 0.5 g of Na (22 mmol) were added to a solution of the proper guanidinium salt (11 mmol) in dry EtOH (50 ml). When the reaction of Na and EtOH was completed, 1.80 g of precursor 12

Experimental

157 (10 mmol) were added and the solution was refluxed for 24 h. After cooling the solution to 0

°C the precipitated solid was filtered. The unreacted salt and the excesses of the base were washed out with water. The product was recrystallized from ethanol.

N

N-Phenyl-4-(pyridine-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (20a). Yield: 1.2 g (50%, pale yellow solid).

Anal. calcd for C15H12N4: C, 72.56; H, 4.87; N, 22.57. Found: C, 72.35; H, 5.21; N, 22.47. ¹H

N-(4-Fluorophenyl)-4-(pyridine-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (20b). Yield: 1.4 g (53%, pale yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C15H11FN4: C, 67.66; H, 4.16; N, 21.04. Found: C, 67.49; H, 4.28; N, 20.90. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 9.79 (s br., 1H, NH), 8.74 (d, JHH =

158

N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-4-(pyridine-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (20c). Yield: 1.3 g (45%, pale

yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C₁₅H₁₁ClN₄: C, 63.72; H, 3.92; N, 19.82. Found: C, 63.46; H,

Experimental

159 N-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(pyridine-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine (20d). Yield: 1.9 g (70%, pale

yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C16H14N4O: C, 69.05; H, 5.07; N, 20.13. Found: C, 66.36; H, 4.81; N, 19.70. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 9.56 (s br., 1H, NH), 8.74 (d, JHH = 4.31 Hz, 1H, H1), 8.59 (d, J_HH = 4.7 Hz, 1H, H8), 8.38 (d, J_HH = 7.82 Hz, 1H, H4), 8.02 (t, J_HH

= 7.43 Hz, 1H, H3), 7.73 (d, JHH = 9 Hz, 2H, H12), 7.66 (d, JHH = 5.09 Hz, 1H, H7), 7.57-7.54 (m, 1H, H2), 6.94 (d, J_HH = 9 Hz, 2H, H11), 3.74 (s, 3H, H14). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 162.7 (s, C9), 160.2 (s, C6), 159.5 (s, C8), 154.3 (s, C5), 153.8 (s, C13), 149.6 (s, C1), 137.5 (s, C3), 133.6 (s, C10), 125.6 (s, C2), 121.0 (s, C4), 120.7 (s, C11), 113.8 (s, C12) 107.4 (s, C₇), 55.2 (s, C14).

N

N N

NH 1

2 3

4 5 6 7

8

9 12 10

13 11

N C

4-(4-(Pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamino)benzonitrile (20e). Yield: 1.3 g (47%, pale yellow solid). Anal. calcd for C₁₆H₁₁N₅: C, 70.32; H, 4.06; N, 25.63. Found: C, 69.70; H, 4.14; N, 25.01. ¹H NMR (400.1 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 10.34 (s br., 1H, NH), 8.77 (d, JHH = 4.7 Hz, 1H, H1), 8.74 (d, J_HH = 5.09 Hz, 1H, H8), 8.42 (d, J_HH = 7.83 Hz, 1H, H4), 8.06-8.04 (m, 3H, H3 & H12), 7.85 (d, JHH = 4.7 Hz, 1H, H7), 7.79 (d, JHH = 8.6 Hz, 2H, H11), 7.61-7.58 (m, 1H, H2). ¹³C NMR (100.6 MHz, DMSO-d6, 20 °C): δ 163.1 (s, C9), 159.9 (s, C6), 159.5 (s, C8), 153.3 (s, C5), 149.7 (s, C1), 144.9 (s, C10), 137.7 (s, C3), 133.1 (s, C11), 126.0 (s, C2), 121.2 (s, C4), 119.6 (s, C13), 118.4 (s, C12), 109.4 (s, C7), 102.5 (s, CN).

160

5.3.4 Synthesis of Multidendate Ligands

N N dissolved in 20 ml of thionylchloride. The solution was refluxed for 2.5 h and then the excess of the thionylchloride was distilled off. The residue was dissolved in 20 ml of pyridine and 400 mg of the diamine 7 (1.06 mmol) were added to the solution which was stirred over night.

Experimental

27. Under an atmosphere of nitrogen to the solution of 502 mg of the diamine 7 (1.33 mmol) in