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Five fem ale p articip an ts took p a rt in the stu d y over basically sim ilar com binations of tem perature and relative hum idity. Table 4.4 show s the range of tem perature and relative hum idity tested. The blank cells m eant th a t those com binations w ere not tested. N o te th at the com binations tested w ere sim ilar to those in the m ale longitudinal study except th at an extra condition w ith tem perature of 31°C - 32°C and relative h u m idity of 40% - 50% was carried out to test the changes at a slightly m ore extrem e c o n d itio n . The ran g e of com binations teste d are also sh o w n on a Psychom etric C hart show n in Figure 4.1. N ote that the shaded cell is the additional condition that is only tested for females.

Similar sets of calculations were done for the female participants' votes. In these calculations, the average vote of every individual participant, using the last three votes only, was included. Next, the average vote for the g ro u p is determ ined. Then, the percentage of p articip an ts w ho voted betw een 3.0 and 5.0 inclusive was calculated.

Table 4.4 shows the average votes and percentages of the groups for all the sets of conditions tested. For the condition w ith tem p eratu re betw een 25°C an d 26°C and relative hum id ity betw een 40% and 50%, Table 4.4 show s th at 60 percent of female participants voted betw een 3.0 and 5.0 inclusive. For the condition next to it, w ith tem p eratu re betw een 26°C and 27°C and similar relative hum idity, the percentage is 80 percent. Thus, the form er condition is considered to be outside the therm al acceptability range w hile the latter condition is considered to be w ithin the therm al acceptability range.

TEMP [°C] RELATIVE HUMIDITY[%] 2 3 -2 4 2 4 -2 5 25-26 2 6 -2 7 27 -2 8 2 8 -2 9 2 9 -3 0 30-31 3 1 -3 2 4 0 -5 0 2.1 2.9 3.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 5.4 5.5 0 % 60% 80% 100% 100% 100% 40% 20% 5 0 -6 0 2.1 2.7 3.4 3.7 3.9 4.4 5.0 0 % 60% 100% 100% 100% 100% 60% 60 -7 0 2.1 2.3 3.0 3.6 4.0 4.5 4.7 5.2 0 % 20% 80% 1009& 100% 80% 80% 60% 7 0 -8 0 2.3 2.6 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.8 5.0 5.2 20% 40% 100% 100% 80% 60% 60% 40% >80 2.3 3.6 3.2 4.0 4.7 5.0 5.0 5.3 20% 100% 100% 100% 80% 60% 60% 20% 7*

Table 4,4 : Average of G roup Votes and Percentages for each condition for Longitudinal Study of Female Participants carried out in Malaysia

A sim ple regression of votes over tem perature and relative hum id ity was carried out and the results are presented graphically in Figures 4.3(a) and (b). The regression equation is :

Y = (0.445)1-8.315

where T = tem perature °C

There is a strong correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the standard error is 0.3. For an average response of 4.0, which represents the neutral condition, the tem perature found from the equation is 27.7°C.

A nother sim ple regression of average vote over relative h u m id ity was com puted and the result is presented in Figure 4.3(b). It is obvious that the responses hardly change for changes in relative hum idity.

4.5 R ough Therm al Acceptability Zones

Further inform ation w hich can be derived from the longitudinal studies is the therm al acceptability zone. Since only one g roup of m ale an d one g roup of female participants took part, the acceptability zone th at can be sketched will be called the Rough Male and Female Thermal Acceptability Z ones'. These zones will be useful w hen d ecid in g w hich conditions sh o u ld be tested in the Transverse Studies for the p ro d u ctio n of m ore accurate Com fort Zones.

y = .445x - 8. 315, R- s q u a r e d : .918 TEMP (a) y = . 0 0 4 x + 3 . 5 9 6 , R - s q u a r e d : . 0 0 2 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 5 f- 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0 31 3 2 4 . 5 . 4 0 4 5 5 0 5 5 6 0 6 5 7 0 7 5 8 0 8 5 9 0 RELHUM (b)

Fig. 4.3(a) & (b) : Simple Regression for Females (Malaysian Study)

As can be seen in section 4.3, the condition 27°C to 28°C and >80% relative hum idity is considered to be w ithin the acceptability interval. The adjacent condition w ith tem perature 28°C to 29°C and relative h u m id ity >80% is outside the acceptability zone since the percentage of participants voting betw een 3 and 5 is 60% (less than 80%). This p air of conditions therefore defines a b oundary point betw een acceptable and non-acceptable conditions. The form er condition w ill be inside the acceptability zone bo u n d ary w hile the latter will be outside. This b o u n d ary point is for the h ig h te m p e ra tu re , h ig h h u m id ity co rn er of th e ro u g h th e rm a l acceptability zone.

The criteria used for the selection of pairs of conditions (one inside and another outside) that form the acceptability boundary are set out next:

(i) tem perature and hum idity for the pair of conditions should be as extreme as possible

(ii) a boundary is draw n between

conditions of different tem peratures but similar hum idities as relative hum idity has been shown not to contribute to therm al acceptability

As an exam ple, notice in Table 4.3 th at a p a ir of co n d itio n w ith tem peratures betw een 25°C and 26°C and relative hum idities 40% to 50% and 50% to 60% can form a boundary. But the p air of conditions w ith tem p eratu res 25°C to 26°C and 26°C to 27°C an d a com m on relative h u m id ity of 40%-50% is chosen as the b o u n d ary . The chosen p a ir of conditions m et the criteria of extrem ity, as seen in Table 4.3, and having different tem peratures and similar hum idity.

Sim ilar p airs of conditions rep resen tin g the inside a n d the o u tsid e b o u n d ary conditions for the other three corners of the acceptability zone w ere found by exam ining the data in Table 4.3. They w ere for the corners w ith h ig h tem p eratu re and low h u m id ity , low tem p era tu re an d high h u m id ity an d low te m p e ra tu re a n d low h u m id ity . The re su lts are d isp lay ed in Table 4.5. The (i) represents the set of conditions inside the b o u n d a ry an d the (o) rep re se n ts the set of co n d itio n s o u tsid e the boundary.

The d a ta in Table 4.5 can be p resen ted on P sychom etric C h art and T em perature-R elative H u m id ity C hart for easy visualisation. Figure 4.4 show s the 4 pairs of conditions th at form the corners of the R ough T herm al A cceptability Zone. Figure 4.5 show s the sam e 4 p airs of conditions on the tem perature-relative hum idity graph. The tem perature an d the relativ e h u m id ity points show n are the m id -p o in ts of their in terv als. For exam ple, 26.5°C rep resen ts 26°C to 27°C, w h ile 45% re p re se n ts 40% to 50%. Figure 4.5 show s th a t the R ough T herm al A cceptability Zone for the m ale participants has the shape of a trapezoid ra th e r th an a parallelogram . The bottom w id th , w hich rep resen ts the low er hum idities, is longer than the top one, w hich represents higher h u m id itie s. Also note th at the zone sh o u ld strictly n o t be a closed e n v e lo p e for the low er a n d h ig h er h u m id ity sides since those experim ents were not carried out due to financial lim itations.

A sim ilar procedure is followed to determ ine the boundary conditions for the fem ale participants. Table 4.6 lists the four pairs of conditions that form the therm al acceptability boundaries.

T

CORNERS TEMPERATURE, °C REL, HUMIDITY, %

1 LOW TEMP & (i) 2 6 -2 7 4 0-50

LOW HUMIDITY (o) 2 5 -2 6 4 0-50

2 HIGH TEMP & (i) 2 9 -3 0 4 0-50

LOW HUMIDITY (o) 30-31 4 0-50

3 LOW TEMP & (i) 2 5 -2 6 >80

HIGH HUMIDITY (o) 2 4 -2 5 >80

4 HIGH TEMP & (i) 2 7 -2 8 >80

HIGH HUMIDITY (o) 2 8 -2 9 >80

Table 4.5 : The Four Corners (inside and outside) of the Rough Thermal Acceptability Zone for Male Participants (Malaysian Study)

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