51 ¿QUÉ DISPARAN LOS SISTEMAS DE SECRECIÓN TIPO VI (T6SS) DE RIZOBIOS?

COMPETENCIAS TECNICAS

51 ¿QUÉ DISPARAN LOS SISTEMAS DE SECRECIÓN TIPO VI (T6SS) DE RIZOBIOS?

In relation to the questionnaire sample, simple random sampling was chosen because

this kind of sampling is suitable for large samples that are representative of the

original population under study (Cohen et al., 2003). To ensure that a random sample

was obtained and that all participants had an equal chance of being selected for the

first questionnaire, implemented in the exploratory part of the study, students were

decided that 50 participants in the questionnaire, besides the documentary research

and the interviews with some students and the English Language teachers, would be

enough to offer a good amount of information about current ICT implementation and

would answer the related questions for this part of the research. Moreover, the main

part of the research, addressed to a large number of teachers in government secondary

schools through questionnaires and interviewing a number of teachers and key

educators in the MoE and the National Assembly, would provide a reasonable amount

of data that could be used to interpret barriers to ICT implementation in government

secondary schools in Kuwait.

The secondary schools that participated in responding to the teachers' questionnaire,

implemented in the main study, were randomly selected according to their

geographical distribution in all educational areas in Kuwait. As the average number

of English Language teachers in secondary schools is around eight teachers per

school, the researcher had to cover a large number of secondary schools all around

Kuwait (25 schools for boys and 25 schools for girls) to distribute the second

questionnaire to a good number of teachers. Of the 400 questionnaire papers

distributed among the teachers, around 342 papers were returned and 306 were found

valuable for analysis, after excluding non-valid papers. This random sampling

technique was chosen because it is suitable for large samples that are representative

of the population under research (Cohen et al., 2003)

In relation to the qualitative side of this research, accomplished through interviews, a

range of different sampling techniques are available for qualitative researchers, including convenience sampling, purposive sampling, “snowballing” and theoretical

sampling (Cohen et al., 2003; Creswell, 2003). The students, teachers and educators

interviewed in this study were selected using a purposive sampling technique. At the

student interviews, expecting that the questionnaire would cover all the information

needed from the students. However, after starting analysis of the questionnaires, it

was decided to back up the results of the students' questionnaire with a semi-

structured interview with two students. One of the students was a regular user of ICT

in his English Language learning and the other student did not use ICT for English

Language learning. In this exploratory part of the study, the researcher addressed

teachers through semi-structured interviews with four teachers, to explore their

experience in this field, in order to understand their current ICT implementation. Two

of the teachers were implementing ICT and the other two were not. It was also

intended to explore their views about the limitations of employing teachers‟ and students‟ experience in setting up ICT through personal use of computers and the

internet as useful for implementation in English Language classes in Kuwaiti

Secondary schools. These teachers were interviewed to explore the areas of the ICT

that could support English Language teaching and learning, as well as to investigate

perceptions of the skills of English Language learning that could be supported by

using the internet.

A purposive sampling technique was also used to choose 15 teachers and educators

from different schools, key departments in the MoE and the Educational Committee

in the Kuwaiti National Assembly to participate in the interviews conducted in this

main part of the study. The purposive technique increases the diversity of the sample

and allows the researcher to investigate a variety of perceptions. Participants in these

interviews were selected according to specific purposes. Four teachers were selected

as they were qualified, had a strong belief in ICT implementation and using ICT in

their teaching. Six teachers were selected because they were qualified but had not

the MoE. Two participants were members of the Educational Committee in the

Kuwaiti National Assembly and were selected because of their coherent relationship

with the education development plans in Kuwait, through their positions as members

of the Educational Committee (see Table 4).

Table 4: Participants in interviews for the second part of the study

No.

Interviewee

code Job Title Place of work

1 TU.1 English Language Teacher Using

ICT Government secondary school

2 TU.2 English Language Teacher Using

ICT Government secondary school

3 TU.3 English Language Teacher Using

ICT Government secondary school

4 TU.4 English Language Teacher Using

ICT Government secondary school

5 TN.1 English Language Teacher Not-